长时记忆影响工作记忆的门控机制  

Gating mechanisms of long-term memory affects working memory

作　　者：张引 李月 陈巍 李永鑫[1] ZHANG Yin;LI Yue;CHEN Wei;LI Yongxin(Postdoctoral Research Station of Psychology,Henan University,Kaifeng 475004;Department of Psychology,Shaoxing University,Shaoxing 312000;Center for Brain,Mind and Education,Shaoxing University,Shaoxing 312000)

机构地区：[1]河南大学心理学博士后流动站,开封475004 [2]绍兴文理学院心理学系,绍兴312000 [3]绍兴文理学院大脑、心智与教育研究中心,绍兴312000

出　　处：《心理研究》2024年第5期395-403,共9页Psychological Research

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目(20ZD045);中国博士后科学基金项目(2023M741006);浙江省博士后科研择优资助项目(ZJ2023035);浙江省社会科学界联合会研究课题成果(2024N067);浙江省教育科学规划课题(2022SCG162)。

摘　　要：长时记忆和工作记忆都是人类信息存储的重要方式,且已有证据表明长时记忆会对工作记忆产生影响。但长时记忆具体影响工作记忆的作用机制,有不同的观点。本文主要从门控机制的角度阐述长时记忆对工作记忆的影响。首先回顾了近期长时记忆影响工作记忆的门控机制范式和结果,包括回忆报告范式、Hebb范式和Reference-back范式。已有证据表明“注意闸门”控制着长时记忆流向工作记忆的信息,当闸门处于打开状态时,工作记忆得以更新,当闸门处于关闭状态时,工作记忆信息得以维持并屏蔽干扰信息。其次,分别从项目表征和联结表征的角度阐述了长时记忆对工作记忆产生的影响及其门控作用的认知机制。最后小结并展望了未来研究方向。Long-term and working memories are important ways of storing information.Long-term memory has an effect on working memory.However,there are different views on the mechanism of long-term memory specifically affecting working memory.This study focuses on the effects of long-term memory on working memory from the perspective of gating mechanisms.First,we review the paradigms and results of gating mechanisms.Including the Recall reporting paradigm,Hebb paradigm,and Reference-back paradigm.It has been shown that the“attentional gate”controls the flow of information from long-term memory to working memory.The working memory representation is updated when the gates are opened.When the gate is closed,working memory representation is maintained undisturbed.Second,we discussed the cognitive mechanisms of gating from the perspectives of item and associative representations.Finally,we make a summary and put forward some suggestions for further research.

关 键 词：长时记忆 工作记忆 门控机制 联结记忆 

分 类 号：B842.3[哲学宗教—基础心理学]