论现代学徒与企业新型学徒的法律地位界分  

On the Legal Status Differentiation between Modern Apprentice and Enterprise New Apprentice

作　　者：陈圣利 Chen Shengli(School of Culture and Law,Fujian Normal University of Technology,Fuzhou 350300,China)

机构地区：[1]福建技术师范学院文化与法律学院,福建福州350300

出　　处：《职教论坛》2024年第9期50-59,共10页Journal of Vocational Education

基　　金：教育部人文社科青年基金项目“股权转让中合同效力与权利变动之区分研究”(编号:18YJC82006),主持人:陈圣利;福建省高等教育研究院高等教育改革与研究项目“福建省高等职业教育产教融合组织结构优化研究”(编号:FGJY202310),主持人:胡剑锋。

摘　　要：2022年修订的《职业教育法》新增规定“国家推行中国特色学徒制”。中国特色学徒制系由现代学徒制与企业新型学徒制有机构成。现代学徒与企业新型学徒都兼具“学校学生”与“企业职员”双重身份,故而二者的法律地位差异不易被识别。现代学徒在学校的法律地位为“教育合同的当事人”,教育合同性质更近于行政协议,现代学徒不服学校教育管理的,一般通过内部申诉或行政诉讼解决。企业新型学徒在学校的法律地位为“委托培养合同的受益人”,委托培养合同属于民事合同,企业新型学徒与企业、教育培训机构之间的纠纷,一般通过民事诉讼或仲裁解决。企业新型学徒与企业存在劳动关系,在现行法律框架下,将现代学徒与企业之间关系定性为劳务关系更为合理。The Vocational Education Law,revised in 2022,adds a new provision that the state implements the apprenticeship system with Chinese characteristics.The apprenticeship system with Chinese characteristics is organically composed of the modern apprenticeship system and new enterprise apprenticeship system.Both types of apprentices possess the dual identities of school students and enterprise employees.However,it is difficult to identify their differences in legal status.The legal status of the modern apprentice in school is the party to the education contract.Moreover,the nature of the education contract is closer to an administrative agreement.The disputes between the modern apprentices and the school education management are generally resolved through internal appeals or administrative litigation.The legal status of the new enterprise apprentice in school is the beneficiary of the entrusted training contract,and the entrusted training contract is a civil contract.Disputes between new enterprise apprentices and enterprises or training institutions are generally settled through civil litigation or arbitration.There is a labor relationship between the new enterprise apprentice and the enterprise.Under the current legal framework,it is more rational to define the relationship between modern apprentices and enterprises as a service relationship.

关 键 词：现代学徒 企业新型学徒 教育合同 劳动关系 劳务关系 

分 类 号：G710[文化科学—职业技术教育学]