道教始祖张陵形象的文化嬗变  

On the Cultural Evolution of the Image of Zhang Ling,the Founder of Daoism

作　　者：汤洪[1,2,3] 李丹[1] Tang Hong;Li Dan

机构地区：[1]四川师范大学文学院,四川成都610066 [2]四川师范大学国际中文教育学院,四川成都610066 [3]四川师范大学巴蜀文化与教育研究中心

出　　处：《中华文化论坛》2024年第4期177-184,共8页Journal of Chinese Culture

摘　　要：道教产生于西蜀鹄鸣山(鹤鸣山),由张陵糅合先秦道家学说,创制道书,将原始道教“五斗米道”阐扬光大。《三国志》始载张陵,历史信息异常简略。《华阳国志》《后汉书》不断增补史料,但张陵历史人物形象依然模糊。魏晋时期,道教繁盛,《神仙传》《魏书》已敷演出更为丰腴的张陵形象,遂使张陵从史述走向仙化,并完成塑造张陵道教开山始祖的天师形象。Daoism originated from Huming/Heming Mountain(鹄鸣山/鹤鸣山)in western Sichuan.With the absorption of the pre-Qin Daoist doctrine,Zhang Ling created Daoist books and established“wudoumi Daoism(五斗米道)”.He was first recorded in San Guo Zhi,with quiet brief historical information.Later,Huayang Guo Zhi and Hou Han Shu continued to add historical materials about him,but his image was still vague.Daoism flourished in the Wei and Jin Dynasties,Shenxian Zhuan and Wei Shu has presented a fuller image of him,which changed from a historical figure to a religious immortal,and Zhang was constructed as tianshi(天师)and the founder of Daoism.

关 键 词：道教 张陵 鹤鸣山 《神仙传》 

分 类 号：B959.9[哲学宗教—宗教学]