数字经济时代的若干新型犯罪与刑法应对  

Several New Crimes in the Digital Economy Era and the Criminal Law Responses

作　　者：王新[1] 安汇玉 Wang Xin;An Huiyu(Law School,Peking University,Beijing 100871,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学法学院,北京100871

出　　处：《山东大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2024年第5期162-174,共13页Journal of Shandong University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社科基金重点项目“金融犯罪的立法与司法研究”(18AFX012)。

摘　　要：面对数字经济迅猛发展所伴生的新型犯罪,刑事立法和司法适用必须予以回应。数字人民币是央行发行的法定货币,在理论上可以适用现行货币罪名体系,但数字人民币的技术特征决定了以实物货币为对象的罪刑规范难以规制侵害数字货币的行为,这有待在立法层面适时跟进。在我国,虚拟货币不具有法定货币地位,对于利用虚拟货币洗钱的行为,应当适用刑法第191条第1款第五项,并以兑换虚拟货币实际支付的资金数额计算洗钱数额。若资金数额无法查清,则应当将用于洗钱的虚拟货币数额作为量刑情节予以考虑。此外,无论是以虚拟货币等数字资产作为贿赂对象,还是在表现形式上将红包、礼品卡等实体物电子化,此类新型腐败没有改变贿赂犯罪的行为对象与行为本质,应当纳入贿赂犯罪的规制范围。In light of the emergence of novel criminal activities concomitant with the accelerated growth of the digital economy,it is imperative that China’s criminal legislation and associated judicial practices evolve in a timely and effective manner.In this context,three new types of crimes that have emerged in the digital economy are presented for discussion.Firstly,there are currency crimes concerning E-CNY.As a central bank digital currency,E-CNY could theoretically be subject to the norms of currency crimes under the current Chinese Criminal Law.Article 151 of the Criminal Law encompasses a range of offenses pertaining to the illicit transportation and concealment of counterfeit currency.Furthermore,Articles 170 to 173 provide a comprehensive definition of the criminal offenses pertaining to the counterfeiting of currency,including the sale,purchase,transportation,possession,and use of counterfeit currency,as well as the alteration of currency.Nevertheless,in practice,the technical characteristics of digital currency make it challenging to regulate crimes involving digital currency in a manner that is consistent with the aforementioned criminal norms targeting physical currency.In order to adequately address the unique challenges posed by the digital economy,it is essential that legislation be based on a timely and responsive approach to the improvement of the currency crime system,taking into account the evolving social context.Secondly,the issue of money laundering involving virtual currencies must be addressed.On an international level,the Financial Action Task Force(FATF)attaches significant importance to the potential risks associated with money laundering and terrorist financing activities involving virtual currencies.In China,virtual currencies are not recognized as legal tender.Financial institutions and payment organizations are prohibited from engaging in related business activities.However,due to the disparate regulatory policies adopted by various countries and regions with respect to virtual currencie

关 键 词：数字经济 法定数字货币 虚拟货币 洗钱犯罪 新型腐败 

分 类 号：D924.1[政治法律—刑法学]