轮轨激励对机车含裂纹齿轮接触特性及应力强度因子影响  

Influence of wheel-rail excitation on contact characteristics and stress intensity factors of cracked gears for locomotives

作　　者：朱海燕[1] 陶则宇 王宇豪 王梦威 张卫华[2] 肖乾[1] 易勇 ZHU Hai-yan;TAO Ze-yu;WANG Yu-hao;WANG Meng-wei;ZHANG Wei-hua;XIAO Qian;YI Yong(State Key Laboratory of Performance Monitoring and Protecting of Rail Transit Infrastructure,East China Jiaotong University,Nanchang 330013,Jiangxi,China;State Key Laboratory of Rail Transit Vehicle System,Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu 610031,Sichuan,China)

机构地区：[1]华东交通大学轨道交通基础设施性能监测与保障国家重点实验室,江西南昌330013 [2]西南交通大学轨道交通运载系统全国重点实验室,四川成都610031

出　　处：《交通运输工程学报》2024年第4期148-160,共13页Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52162045);江西省自然科学基金项目(20224BAB204040,20232ACB204022);江西省教育厅科技项目(GJJ210633);载运工具与装备教育部重点实验室自主课题(KLCEZ2022-11);轨道交通运载系统全国重点实验室开放课题(RVL2403)。

摘　　要：使用数值法求解了齿根裂纹故障齿轮的时变啮合刚度,建立了六自由度齿轮动力学模型;采用Newmark法求解裂纹深度为1、2、3 mm齿轮传动系统动态响应,对时域信号进行了分析,计算了不同统计指标对不同故障程度的敏感度;结合多体动力学,建立了机车多体动力学模型,求解了18、19、24阶数车轮多边形激励以及0.5、1.0、1.5 mm波深钢轨波磨激励工况下含齿根裂纹齿轮传动系统接触特性,模拟了不同激励工况下的齿面接触状态。分析结果表明:时变啮合刚度随着裂纹扩展角度和裂纹深度的增加逐渐下降;随着裂纹深度的加深,传动系统的振动冲击愈加剧烈;脉冲因子对裂纹故障特征较为敏感,适合作为裂纹故障特征评价指标;随着车轮多边形阶数和钢轨波磨波深的增加,含裂纹单齿齿面接触力最大值分别约为无激励工况下的3.0和6.4倍,当车轮多边形阶数为24阶时,齿面接触合力和单齿齿面接触力均达到最大值,分别为4125、1178 N;Ⅰ型裂纹应力强度因子数量级远大于Ⅱ型裂纹应力强度因子,Ⅰ型裂纹在裂纹扩展中占主导地位,且应力强度因子随着载荷和扩展程度增加而增大,说明轮轨激励的存在会导致含裂纹齿裂纹扩展速率增加,缩短其使用寿命,影响机车的安全运行。The time-varying meshing stiffness of gears with root crack faults was solved by the numerical method,a 6-DOF gear dynamics model was established,and the Newmark method was used to solve the dynamic responses of the gear transmission systems with crack depths of 1,2,and 3 mm.The time domain signal was analyzed,and the sensitivities of different statistical indexes to different fault degrees were calculated.A multi-body dynamics model of the locomotive was built based on the multi-body dynamics.The contact characteristics of the gear transmission system with tooth root cracks were solved under wheel polygon excitations of 18th,19th,and 24th orders and rail corrugations of 0.5,1.0,and 1.5 mm wave depths.The contact states of tooth surfaces under different excitation conditions were simulated.Analysis results indicate that the time-varying meshing stiffness gradually decreases with the increase of crack propagation angle and crack depth.With the deepening of crack depth,the vibration and shock of the transmission system become increasingly severe.The pulse factor is sensitive to the crack fault characteristics and is suitable as an evaluation index of crack fault characteristics.With the increase of wheel polygon order and rail corrugation depth,the maximum contact force of a single tooth surface with cracks is about 3.0 times and 6.4 times that under the no excitation,respectively.When the wheel polygon order is 24,the contact resultant force of the tooth surface and the contact force of the single tooth surface both reach maximum values,which are 4125 and 1178 N,respectively.The value of the modeⅠcrack stress intensity factor is much larger than that of the modeⅡcrack stress intensity factor.ModeⅠcrack is dominant in crack propagation,and the stress intensity factor increases with the increase of load and expansion degree,indicating that the existence of wheel-rail excitation can increase the crack propagation rate of cracked teeth,shorten its service life,and affect the safe operation of locomotives.

关 键 词：车辆工程 车轮多边形 钢轨波磨 机车齿轮 齿根裂纹 接触特性 应力强度因子 

分 类 号：U264.4[机械工程—车辆工程]