tRNA代谢及其紊乱与疾病  

tRNA metabolism and its relevance to diseases

作　　者：姚诗莹 周小龙 YAO Shiying;ZHOU Xiaoong(Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science,Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shanghai 200031,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100864,China;Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study,Hangzhou 310024,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院分子细胞科学卓越创新中心/上海生物化学与细胞生物学研究所,上海200031 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100864 [3]国科大杭州高等研究院,杭州310024

出　　处：《生命的化学》2024年第9期1542-1549,共8页Chemistry of Life

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32271300);中国科学院战略先导B项目(XDB0570000);中国科学院稳定支持青年团队项目(YSBR-075);国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFA1300800,2021YFC2700903);上海市科委项目(22ZR1481300,22JC1400503)。

摘　　要：蛋白质生物合成也称为信使核糖核酸(mRNA)翻译,是指经脱氧核糖核酸(DNA)转录得到mRNA后,根据mRNA开放阅读框的碱基序列顺序合成蛋白质的过程。蛋白质生物合成是遗传信息传递的关键步骤,其速度与保真性保证细胞的正常生命活动。人细胞含有核基因组和线粒体基因组两套遗传物质,因此蛋白质的生物合成可以发生在人细胞质和线粒体两个区室中,需要多种生物大分子参与,主要包括mRNA、转运核糖核酸(tRNA)、核糖体核糖核酸(rRNA)及蛋白质。本实验室主要研究方向是tRNA代谢与线粒体疾病。本文着眼于蛋白质生物合成中关键接头分子tRNA,对人细胞不同区室tRNA的代谢过程及其紊乱与疾病的关系进行简要介绍,同时也讨论了目前领域内的一些关键问题和对未来研究的展望。Protein biosynthesis,also known as messenger ribonucleic acid(mRNA)translation,refers to the process of synthesizing proteins according to the sequence of open reading frames of mRNA transcribed from deoxyribonucleic acid(DNA).Protein biosynthesis is a crucial step in the transfer of genetic information,its speed and fidelity ensure the normal cellular functions.Human cells contain two sets of genetic material,the nuclear genome and the mitochondrial genome.Therefore,protein biosynthesis occur in the two compartments,the human cytoplasm and mitochondria,and requires the participation of a variety of biomolecules,mainly including mRNA,transfer ribonucleic acid(tRNA),ribosomal ribonucleic acid(rRNA)and proteins.The main research direction of our laboratory is tRNA metabolism and mitochondrial diseases.In this review,we focus on tRNA as a key junction molecule in protein biosynthesis,briefly reviewing tRNA metabolism in different compartments of human cells and its relevance to disease.Additionally,we also discuss key issues and future research prospective in this paper.

关 键 词：蛋白质生物合成 tRNA代谢 转录后修饰 氨基酰-TRNA合成酶 线粒体疾病 

分 类 号：R363[医药卫生—病理学]