半自由声场下车辆开闭件的时频优化  

Intelligent Time-frequency Optimization Design for Closure Parts of Transportation Vehicle

作　　者：刘哲 李辉 高大威[1] 徐颖 于文博 LIU Zhe;LI Hui;GAO Da-wei;XU Ying;YU Wen-bo(School of Mechanical Engineering,University of Shanghai for Science and Technology,Shanghai 200093,China)

机构地区：[1]上海理工大学机械工程学院,上海200093

出　　处：《公路交通科技》2024年第8期199-205,共7页Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52175239)。

摘　　要：乘用车关门工况下半自由声场测量需要在整车制造完成之后才能进行,因此对关门声辐射的提前预测与优化分析显得至关重要。首先,通过设计整车试验和台架试验获取加速度振动响应和频率响应函数,实现关门工况下瞬态冲击载荷的离散化,进一步联合传递路径分析(TPA)与连续小波变换(CWT)提出TPA-CWT方法进行离散化瞬态冲击载荷时频分析。其次,根据关门工况下车门的动力学特性,将求取的离散化瞬态冲击载荷输入至已建立的车门有限元模型中,进而将车门有限元瞬态加速度振动响应映射至车身时域边界元模型预测半自由声场辐射噪声,并与整车试验中麦克风处的实测结果进行对比,声压曲线整体趋势与局部峰值的一致性证明了时域边界元仿真可以精准捕捉到关门工况下瞬态声压特性;最后,通过等效辐射声功率选取低频噪声贡献量前3的部件作为设计变量,再利用多目标粒子群优化对车门质量与关门声辐射进行优化,优化后车门质量减小1.8%,关门声辐射减小1.7%,达到了多目标优化的目的。结果表明,仿真数据与试验结果一致性较好,验证了通过将车门关闭瞬态载荷离散化处理方式和声固耦合分析在关门工况下多目标优化中的可行性,并为后续改款车型的车门设计提供一定的指导方向。The semi-free acoustic field measurement under passenger vehicle door slamming condition needs to be carried out only after the whole vehicle manufacturing completion;therefore,it is crucial to predict and optimize the acoustic radiation of door slamming in advance.First,the acceleration vibration response and frequency response functions were obtained by designing vehicle experiments and bench experiments to achieve the discretization of transient impact loads under door slamming condition.Furthermore,the TPACWT method was proposed by combining transfer path analysis(TPA)and continuous wavelet transform(CWT)to perform discretized transient impact load time-frequency analysis.Second,according to the vehicle door dynamic characteristics under slamming condition,the discretized transient impact load was input into the established finite element model of door.Then,the door finite element transient acceleration vibration response was mapped to the body time domain boundary element model to predict the semi-free acoustic field radiation noise,and was compared with the actual measured results at the microphone in vehicle experiment.The overall trend and local peak value of sound pressure curve proved that the time domain boundary element simulation could accurately capture the transient sound pressure characteristics under door slamming condition.Finally,the components with top three low-frequency noise contributions were selected as design variables through equivalent radiated power.The multi-objective particle swarm optimization was then used to optimize the door mass and door slamming acoustic radiation.The door mass was reduced by 1.8%after optimization,and the door slamming acoustic radiation was reduced by 1.7%,achieving the purpose of multi-objective optimization.The result indicates that the simulation data are in good agreement with the experimental results,verifying the feasibility of multi-objective optimization under door slamming conditions through discretization of door slamming transient load and sound-s

关 键 词：汽车工程 半自由声场 传递路径分析 有限元 边界元 

分 类 号：U463.83[机械工程—车辆工程]