量词“扇”对名词性成分选择的范畴化过程  

The Categorization Process of the Choice of Nominal Constituent by the Measure Word“Shan(扇)”

作　　者：丁喜霞[1] 张秋艳 Ding Xixia;Zhang Qiuyan(College of Chinese Language and Literature,Henan University,Kaifeng 475001,China)

机构地区：[1]河南大学文学院,河南开封475001

出　　处：《现代语文》2024年第7期4-12,共9页Modern Chinese

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“基于大型语料库的中原官话共时比较与历时探考研究”(21&ZD286)。

摘　　要：量词“扇”对名词性成分的选择是一个范畴化过程。量词“扇”的语义特征是[+平面][+可开合],表示“门”类物的名词性成分是“扇”范畴的原型,位于范畴中心。“扇”范畴从中心成员开始向外扩展,经过近距扩展、远距扩展而至边缘成员,形成一个具有层级性的连锁性链条。“扇”范畴的近距扩展主要体现为由表母体物到表相近物,大致包括四类:可开合的硬质平面物、可开合的软质平面物、面积较大的硬质平面物、可分合的类平面物。远距扩展主要体现为从表非生物到表生物、从表客体到表主体、从表有形具体物到表无形具体物、从表具体物到表抽象物。隐喻和图式转换是“扇”范畴扩展的重要促动因素。The choice of nominal constituent(NP)by the measure word“shan(扇)”has a process of categorization.The semantic features of the measure word“shan(扇)”are[+flat]and[+open/close],the NP related to“men(门)”is the prototype of the“shan(扇)”category,which corresponds to the category center.The“shan(扇)”category extends outward from its central members,going through near-range expansion and far-range expansion to reach its peripheral members,forming a hierarchical chain with a cascading effect.The near-range expansion of the“shan(扇)”category mainly involves moving from NPs representing original objects to NPs representing similar objects:NPs denoting openable/closable hard flat objects,openable/closable soft flat objects,large flat objects,separable flat objects.The far-range expansion of the category is mainly manifested as follows:from NPs representing non-living things to NPs representing living objects,from NPs denoting objective objects to NPs representing subjective objects,from NPs denoting tangible concrete objects to NPs representing intangible concrete objects,and from NPs denoting concrete objects to NPs representing abstract objects.Metaphor and schema transformation are significant driving factors for the expansion of the“shan(扇)”category.

关 键 词：“扇” 名词性成分 语义特征 范畴化 近距扩展 远距扩展 

分 类 号：H146[语言文字—汉语]