“经义原则”还是“权变思维”:董仲舒春秋决狱司法功能重述  

“The Principles of Confucian Classics”or“the Concept of Quan Bian”:A Restatement on the Judicial Function of Dong Zhongshu’s Judging Cases According to the Principles of Spring and Autumn Annals

作　　者：高汉成[1,2] GAO Hancheng

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院法学研究所 [2]中国社会科学院大学

出　　处：《社会科学》2024年第9期185-192,共8页Journal of Social Sciences

摘　　要：研究春秋决狱的学者,大都把关注焦点放在从春秋故事和微言大义中抽象出来的一些所谓的“经义原则”,认为正是这些“经义原则”转化为法律原则而成为决狱的标准和依据,但从董仲舒春秋决狱的具体案例来看,经义原则并没有成为与汉律并行或者效力高于汉律的法源性裁判依据和判例。从儒家思想中守经与权变的辩证关系出发,可以发现董仲舒春秋决狱的思维模式,实际上是将当时的汉律视为“经”,将儒家经义原则视为“权”,儒家经义与汉律在春秋决狱中是辩证统一的关系。正是基于权变思维,董仲舒春秋决狱为汉初以来的疑狱奏谳制度提供了解决方案,作为汉代特殊的司法审判模式,弥补了汉律的时代局限,成为中国法治观念从“守文”的形式法治向“原心”的实质法治过渡的关键一环。原心论罪是儒家权变思维的必然要求和自然结论,使儒家价值观在明断是非中获得了重要的指导地位。随着儒家主流意识形态地位的进一步确立,董仲舒春秋决狱对后世产生了巨大影响,但其并不能涵盖汉代及后世司法的全貌。ed from the stories of Spring and Autumn Annals and its profound meanings,and believe that these“principles of jurisprudence”had transformed into legal principles and become the standards and basis for judging cases.However,from the specific cases of Dong Zhongshu’s judging cases according to the Principles of Spring and Autumn Annals,principles of jurisprudence did not become legal source of adjudication and legal precedent parallel to or more effective than the laws of the Han Dynasty.Starting from the dialectical relationship between keeping the principles of Confucian classics and the concept of Quan Bian,it can be found that Dong Zhongshu’s mode of judging cases according to the Principles of Spring and Autumn Annals was actually to regard the laws of the Han Dynasty as“principles”and the Confucian principles of scriptures and meanings as“Quan”,the Confucian principles and the laws of the Han Dynasty was one of dialectical unity.Based on the concept of Quan Bian,Dong Zhongshu’s judging cases according to the Principles of Spring and Autumn Annals provided a solution for the suspected prison system in the beginning of the Han Dynasty.As a special judicial mode of the Han Dynasty,it had made up for the limitations of laws of the Han Dynasty,and became a key link in the transition from the formal rule of law of“keeping the text”to the substantive rule of law of“according to original intention”.Conviction according to original intention was the inevitable requirement and natural conclusion of the Confucian concept of Quan Bian,so that Confucian values gained an important guiding position in determining right and wrong.With the further establishment of the mainstream ideological status of Confucianism,Dong Zhongshu’s judging cases according to the Principles of Spring and Autumn Annals had a great impact on the later generations,but it does not cover the whole picture of justice in the Han Dynasty and the later generations.

关 键 词：春秋决狱 经义原则 权变思维 原心论罪 

分 类 号：D929[政治法律—法学]