公共卫生硕士培养目标重构与创新  

Reconstruction and Innovation of the Educational Objectives of Master of Public Health

作　　者：唐迪 亓雪 王芳 姜丽英 TANG Di;QI Xue;WANG Fang;JIANG Liying(Shanghai University of Medicine&Health Sciences,Shanghai 201318,China)

机构地区：[1]上海健康医学院,上海201318

出　　处：《医学教育研究与实践》2024年第5期550-555,共6页Medical Education Research and Practice

基　　金：上海健康医学院2023年度课程建设项目(教务[2023]1号);2023年上海健康医学院教师教学发展研究项目(教发[2023]1号);上海健康医学院2024年度课程建设项目(教务[2024]10号)。

摘　　要：在全球化、信息化的新时代背景下,公共卫生硕士(Master of Public Health,MPH)的培养目标亟须调整。本研究通过比较美国和中国的MPH项目,揭示了两国在培养目标设置上的独特模式:美国呈现“纵向延伸”的金字塔结构,强调层级递进;中国体现“横向扩展”的光谱结构,追求多元化人才培养。这两种看似对立的模式实则通过创造性张力实现互补,共同塑造了MPH教育的新范式。研究发现,MPH项目的培养目标呈现出广泛外延与清晰内在逻辑的统一,既涵盖核心知识与跨界能力,又确保理论与实践的有机结合。知识生产模式的转变、产业需求的迭代以及培养结构的调整,共同驱动了MPH培养目标的持续变革。基于此,提出中国MPH教育改革的三条路径:内涵重塑(构建纵横结合、层次分明的目标体系),目标调整(强化医防融合背景下的跨界能力培养),以及实践创新(引入混合式学习、强化双导师制等)。通过这三条路径,我国MPH教育将培养出更多既专且博、理论与实践并重的公共卫生领军人才,以应对日益复杂的全球健康挑战。In the new era of globalization and informatization,there is an urgent need to adjust the educational objectives of Master of Public Health(MPH) programs.Through a comparative study of MPH programs in the United States and China,this research reveals the unique modes in setting educational objectives of the two countries:the U.S.presents a “vertically extended” pyramid structure,emphasizing hierarchical progression,while China embodies a “horizontally expanded” spectrum structure,pursuing diversified talent cultivation.These two seemingly opposing modes achieve complementarity through creative tension,jointly shaping a new paradigm of MPH education.The study finds that the educational objectives of MPH programs present a unity of broad extension and clear internal logic,encompassing both core knowledge and crossboundary capabilities,while ensuring the organic combination of theory and practice.The transformation of knowledge production modes,the iteration of industry demands,and the adjustment of training structures have collectively driven the continuous reform of MPH educational objectives.On this basis,the paper proposes three paths for reforming China's MPH education,including reshaping the connotation(constructing vertically and horizontally combined objective system with clear hierarchy),adjusting the objectives(strengthening the cultivation of cross-boundary capabilities under the background of integrating medicine and prevention),and practical innovation(bringing in blended learning and reinforcing dual tutorial system).Through these three paths,China's MPH education will cultivate more leaders of Public Health with specialized and broad knowledge and balanced theoretical and practical basis,so as to cope with the increasingly complex global health challenges.

关 键 词：公共卫生硕士 培养目标 跨界融合 美中比较 教育改革 

分 类 号：G642.0[文化科学—高等教育学]