汉语发展性阅读障碍语音意识缺陷的基本特征、发生机制和干预模式  

The Basic Characteristics,Occurrence Mechanism and Intervention Models of Phonological Awareness Deficiency in Chinese Developmental Dyslexia

作　　者：任梦洁 申仁洪[2,3] REN Mengjie;SHEN Renhong(College of Educational Sciences,Chongqing Normal University,Chongqing,401331;professor,the Key Research Institute of Chongqing for Curriculum and Instruction,Chongqing Normal University,Chongqing,401331;College of Vocational Education,Chongqing Normal University,Chongqing,401331)

机构地区：[1]重庆师范大学教育科学学院,重庆401331 [2]重庆师范大学重庆市课程与教学研究基地,重庆401331 [3]重庆师范大学重庆职业技术师范学院

出　　处：《现代特殊教育》2024年第18期65-73,共9页Modern Special Education

基　　金：2022年重庆市语言文字科研重点项目“中文阅读障碍的生成机制及干预研究”(yyk22103)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：语音意识在汉语字词识别、阅读理解、阅读能力预测等方面有着重要作用,但目前关于语音意识缺陷的实质和发生机制仍存在争议。语音意识缺陷作为汉语发展性阅读障碍的重要表征之一,主要表现为解码语音单位耗时长,准确率低。这可能与词汇通达、感知觉加工等认知能力受损和左侧额下回的异常活动有关。运用认知能力训练模式、多感官加工训练模式、综合干预训练模式、神经调控技术的干预模式来改善语音意识效果显著。未来可以从明确语音意识的实质与作用机制、提高语音意识测评科学性、优化语音意识干预训练策略三个方面着手,进一步深化关于汉语发展性阅读障碍语音意识缺陷的研究。Phonological awareness plays an important role in Chinese word recognition,reading comprehension and reading ability prediction,but the nature and mechanism of phonological awareness deficiency are still controversial.Phonological awareness deficiency is one of the important characteristics of Chinese developmental dyslexia.Decoding phonetic units takes a long time and the accuracy is low.This may be related to impaired cognitive abilities such as lexical access,sensory and perceptual processing,and abnormal activity of the left inferior frontal gyrus.Cognitive training model,comprehensive intervention model and multi-sensory intervention model are used to improve phonological awareness,and the effect is remarkable.Further studies should further deepen the research on phonological awareness deficiency in Chinese developmental dyslexia from three aspects of clarifying the essence and mechanism of phonological awareness,improving the scientific assessment of phonological awareness,and optimizing the intervention training strategy of phonological awareness.

关 键 词：汉语发展性阅读障碍 语音意识缺陷 基本特征 发生机制 干预模式 

分 类 号：G760[文化科学—特殊教育学]