表见代理证明责任分配论略  

Discussion on the allocation of the burden of proof of apparent agency

作　　者：熊跃敏[1] 徐小淇 XIONG Yuemin;XU Xiaoqi(School of Law,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学法学院,北京100875

出　　处：《中南大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第5期123-134,共12页Journal of Central South University：Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“民事诉讼庭前会议制度研究”(19BFX081)。

摘　　要：《民诉法解释》第91条以规范说为蓝本确立了我国证明责任分配的基本原则,而规范说旨在对实体规范进行分类的基础上确立证明责任的分配。《民法典》第172条规定了表见代理下相对人请求被代理人履行合同内容的请求权基础,奠定了表见代理证明责任分配的基准,但相关司法解释的规定存在不完善及矛盾之处。从实现制度设立的意旨出发,立足于相关实体规范所内含的风险分配,并基于体系化解释,应将被代理人可归责性作为表见代理的构成要件之一;对于可归责性与善意且无过失的证明责任分配,应遵循规范说的分配路径,明确可归责性属于权利妨碍规范、善意且无过失属于权利发生规范,分别由被代理人与相对人承担证明责任。Article 91 of The Interpretation of the Civil Procedure Law establishes the basic principles for the allocation of the burden of proof in China with the norms of theory as the blueprint,which aims to establish the allocation of the burden of proof on the basis of the classification of substantive norms.Article 172 of The Civil Code stipulates the basis of the right of the counterparty to request the principal to fulfil the content of the contract under the apparent agency,laying down the benchmark for the allocation of the burden of proof of apparent agency,but there are imperfections and contradictions in the provisions of the relevant judicial interpretations.Starting with the aim to realize the establishment of the system,and based on the risk allocation in relevant substantive norms and the systematic interpretation,we should consider the agent’s attributability as one of the constituent elements of the apparent agent;for the allocation of the burden of proof about the attributability and good faith and no negligence,it is necessary to follow the norms of theory,and make it clear that attributability belongs to the norms of the impairment of rights,good faith and no negligence element belongs to the norms of the occurrence of rights,and the burden of proof is respectively on the principal and the counterparty.

关 键 词：表见代理 证明责任分配 规范说 可归责性 善意且无过失 

分 类 号：D925.1[政治法律—诉讼法学]