近代中国女子医学教育路径研究  

Research on the multiple pathways of women's medical education in modern China

作　　者：黄天骄 王育林 杨东方 HUANG Tianjiao;WANG Yulin;YANG Dongfang(The Academy of Sinology,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine,Beijing 102488,China)

机构地区：[1]北京中医药大学国学院,北京102488

出　　处：《长春中医药大学学报》2024年第10期1063-1069,共7页Journal of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine

基　　金：北京中医药大学东阳合作经费学科类项目(90010943010013);国家社会科学基金后期资助项目(22FTQ8012)。

摘　　要：近代中国女子医学教育在中国现代化进程中占据重要地位。研究利用学校毕业纪念册、媒体报道等一手材料,探讨多重路径之下近代各医学院校的办学宗旨、培养方式及教学成效。讲习社依靠名医社会影响,是国医教育向院校发展的过渡形式;男女兼招的国医学校与女子专门医学校在课程设置上具有融通中西的特点,而后者多以培养女科医士为目标;女子西医教育从早期的教会学校到国人自主兴办医校标志着教育风气的本土化;产科学校则注重现代产科医生和助产士的培养。女子医学教育不仅推动了中国医学的现代化进程,也为女性提供了新的社会角色和职业机会。而经费短缺、基础教育薄弱是近代中西医教育共同面临的窒碍,政策的倾斜又使中医教育的境况更加严峻,进而呈现出中医在野,西医在朝的局面。通过对女子医学教育的研究,可以更全面地理解中国近代社会变革和女性解放运动中的复杂动态,揭示其在现代化路径中的关键作用。Modern Chinese women's medical education occupies an important position in the process of modernization in China.This study uses first-hand materials such as school graduation yearbooks and media reports to explore the educational objectives,training methods,and teaching achievements and effects of various modern medical schools under multiple pathways.At that time,lecturing&studying society relied on the social influence of renowned physicians and was the transitional form of the development of Chinese medical education towards colleges and universities;Chinese medical schools that recruited both male and female students and specialized medical schools for women had the characteristic of integrating Chinese and Western medicine in their curriculun design,while the latter mostly aimed to train female medical practitioners;The transformation of women's Western medical education from early missionary schools to medical schools independently founded by Chinese people themselves marked the localization of educational ethos;Obstetric schools focused on the training of modern obstetricians and midwives.At that time,women's medical education not only promoted the modernization process of Chinese medicine but also provided new social roles and career opportunities for women.However,the shortage of funds and the weakness of basic education were common obstacles faced by modern Chinese and Western medical education during that period,and the tilted policies made the situation of Chinese medicine education even more severe,resulting in the situation where Chinese medicine was marginalized and Western medicine gained prominence.In this paper,the study of women's medical education can provide the more comprehensive understanding of the complex dynamics of modern social changes in China and women's liberation movements,revealing its key role in the path of modernization.

关 键 词：女医 医学教育 近代史 医学史 性别 

分 类 号：R-09[医药卫生]