大规模三维场景光线追踪渲染方法综述  

A Survey of Ray Tracing Rendering of Large-Scale Scenes

作　　者：徐翔 吴小龙 陈子凌 陈然 徐延宁[2] 王璐 Xu Xiang;Wu Xiaolong;Chen Ziling;Chen Ran;Xu Yanning;Wang Lu(Shandong Key Laboratory of Blockchain Finance,Shandong University of Finance and Economics,Jinan 250014;School of Software,Shandong University,Jinan 250101)

机构地区：[1]山东财经大学山东省区块链金融重点实验室,济南250014 [2]山东大学软件学院,济南250101

出　　处：《计算机辅助设计与图形学学报》2024年第8期1155-1170,共16页Journal of Computer-Aided Design & Computer Graphics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(62272275);山东省自然科学基金(ZR2023QF123);山东省中小企业创新能力提升(2023TSGC0417).

摘　　要：光线追踪是目前最常用的真实感渲染算法,在三维动画、虚拟现实、数字孪生等领域发挥着巨大作用.随着人们对场景呈现精度和质量的要求不断增加,大规模场景光线追踪渲染方法受到了广泛关注.文中对大规模场景光线追踪的相关工作进行综述,并从多个角度对各类方法进行分析.首先从场景数据压缩和场景数据分解2个方面简述了大规模场景的数据组织方法;然后回顾了内外存调度光线追踪方法,并分析了LOD在该类方法中的应用;接着介绍了分布式光线追踪方法,并将其分为屏幕空间并行、数据并行和混合并行3类进行分析对比;最后,总结大规模场景光线追踪的研究进展,分析现有方法在数据存储、数据访问、渲染质量、渲染速度等方面的问题,并指出可能的未来研究方向,包括基于神经网络的场景数据压缩、实例化场景数据分解、计算热点预测、自适应分布式策略等.Ray tracing is the most commonly used realistic rendering algorithm,which plays a great role in 3D animation,virtual reality,digital twin and other fields.The increasing demand for rendering quality has brought a lot of attention to large-scale scene ray tracing.In this paper,we review and analyze the related work on large-scale scene ray tracing.Firstly,we introduces the data organization of large-scale scenes from data compression and decomposition;secondly,we reviews the out-of-core ray tracing methods,and analy-ses the application of LOD in these methods;thirdly,we introduces the distributed ray tracing methods,and classifies them into to image-space parallel,data parallel,and hybrid parallel for analysis and comparison;finally,we summaries the research progress of large-scale scene ray tracing,analyze the problems of existing methods in data storage,data access,rendering quality,rendering speed,etc.,and point out the possible fu-ture research directions,including neural network-based scene data compression,instantiated scene data decomposition,computational hotspot prediction,and adaptive distributed strategies.

关 键 词：光线追踪 大规模场景 分布式渲染 全局光照 真实感渲染 

分 类 号：TP391.41[自动化与计算机技术—计算机应用技术]