不同温度、盐度条件对草鱼暂养及应激保活的影响  

Effects of temperature and salinity on the temporary rearing and stress preservation of grass carp(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)

作　　者：何静怡 郑伟 黄卉[1] 岑剑伟[1,4] 赵永强 王田[1,5] 魏涯 郝淑贤[1] 杨少玲[1] 陈琛[1,2] HE Jingyi;ZHENG WEI;HUANG Hui;CEN Jianwei;ZHAO Yongqiang;WANG Tian;WEI Ya;HAO Shuxian;YANG Shaoling;CHEN Chen(Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Guangzhou 510300,China;College of Food Science&Technology,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;Guangdong Yuxinggang Aquatic Products Company Limited,Foshan 528000,China;Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization and Processing of Marine Fishery Resources of Hainan Province,Sanya Tropical Fisheries Research Institute,Sanya 572018,China;College of Fisheries and Life Science,Dalian Ocean University,Dalian 116023,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所农业农村部水产品加工重点实验室,广东广州510300 [2]上海海洋大学食品学院,上海201306 [3]广东鱼兴港水产有限公司,广东佛山528000 [4]三亚热带水产研究院海南省深远海渔业资源高效利用与加工重点实验室,海南三亚572018 [5]大连海洋大学水产与生命学院,辽宁大连116023

出　　处：《大连海洋大学学报》2024年第4期597-605,共9页Journal of Dalian Ocean University

基　　金：财政部和农业农村部:国家现代农业产业技术体系资助(CARS-46);广州市科技计划项目重点研发计划(2024B03J1346);海南省自然科学基金面上项目(321MS099);广东省现代农业产业技术体系海水鱼产业创新项目(2019KJ143);中国水产科学研究院中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金资助(2023TD78,2023TD74)。

摘　　要：为探究淡水鱼类低温保活运输技术中的基础数据,以草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)为试验对象,以梯度降温方式,将水温从室温23~25℃降至24~12℃,设置盐度为0.5~5,保活48 h后检测草鱼的血清生化指标、抗氧化指标含量及水体中总氨氮质量浓度。结果表明:草鱼的临界温度为6~8℃,半休眠温度为16℃,盐度不应超过3;16℃下草鱼应激迟缓,水体中氨氮质量浓度较低,草鱼存活率最高,保活48 h时血清中AST、ALT、COR、GLU含量较低,SOD、CAT、GSH-Px酶活力最高,MDA含量较其他试验组显著降低(P<0.05)。盐度为1~2时,水体中氨氮质量浓度较低,草鱼存活率最高,草鱼血清中所测各生化指标含量低于盐度3时水平,保活48 h抗氧化酶活性较高,MDA含量较低。皮尔森和曼特尔检验分析显示,温度对草鱼血清COR、GLU和GSH-Px,盐度对ALT、AST、COR、GLU、SOD的影响更显著。研究表明,在16℃水温条件下,控制适当盐度,可改善水质,有利于草鱼有水长途运输,温度为16℃、盐度为1~2的水体更适合草鱼长途运输。通过本试验所得关于草鱼保活的关键参数,为大宗淡水鱼类活运提供数据基础。本研究结果可为制定相关暂养及运输规范提供理论参考。In order to explore the low-temperature preservation and transportation technology of freshwater fish,serum biochemical indices and contents antioxidant index were detected in grass carp(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)with body weight of(1200±100)g at water temperature from 23-25℃(control group)to 24,20,18,16,14,and 12℃at cooling rate of 3℃/h at>25℃,10℃at≤25℃,and 2℃/h at≤10℃and at salinity of 0.5-5 for 48 h and total ammonia nitrogen concentration in water was determined.The results showed that the grass carp had critical temperature of 6-8℃,and semi-dormant temperature of 16℃at salinity of less than 3.The grass carp with delayed stress at 16℃and lower concentration of ammonia and nitrogen in the water column had the maximal survival rate,lower serum levels of AST,ALT,COR and GLU at 48 h of preservation,whereas the maximal enzyme activities of SOD,CAT,and GSH-Px were found,with significantly lower content of MDA than that in other groups(P<0.05).Lower ammonia nitrogen concentrations in the water column,the maximal survival rate of grass carp,generally lower levels of the biochemical indicators in the serum of grass carp,higher activities of antioxidant enzymes and lower levels of MDA were observed at salinity from 1 to 2 for 48 h of preservation.The Pearson and Mantle tests revealed that the effects of temperature on COR,GLU and GSH-Px,and salinity on ALT,AST,COR,GLU and SOD were more significant.The water quality was improved and long-distance transport of grass carp with water was facilitated at water temperature of 16℃and appropriate salinity.The key parameters of the transient conditions of grass carp in this experiment provide technical support for the live transport of bulk freshwater fishes and reference for the development of relevant transient and transport.

关 键 词：草鱼 温度 盐度 应激 血清生化指标 抗氧化指标 

分 类 号：S981.14[农业科学—捕捞与储运]