延期博士生的专业社会化阶段、障碍及解构策略研究  

Research on Professional Socialization Stage,Barriers and Deconstruction Strategies of Deferred Doctoral Students

作　　者：杨青 唐玉光[2] YANG Qing;TANG Yuguang(Institute of Higher Education,Shanghai University,Shanghai 200444;Institute of Higher Education,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200021)

机构地区：[1]上海大学高等教育研究所,上海200444 [2]华东师范大学高等教育研究所,上海200021

出　　处：《研究生教育研究》2024年第5期100-111,共12页Journal of Graduate Education

基　　金：2023年教育部人文社会科学青年基金项目“专业社会化视角下人文社科博士生延期毕业问题及对策研究”(23YJC880128);中国高等教育学会2024年度高等教育科学研究规划课题“理科拔尖博士生筛选路径优化及政策保障研究”(24LK0208);上海大学青年英才启航计划资助项目“‘双一流’建设高校理工科博士生延期毕业问题及对策研究”。

摘　　要：博士生的科研历程充满坎坷并内隐失败风险,因此也被喻为“一场鲁莽的学术赌博”。其中,延期博士生群体极具代表性。为探明博士生为什么延期?研究从专业社会化视角出发,对延期博士生的学术经历展开调查。研究发现,依据学业障碍生发逻辑,博士生将依次面临结构适应困难、关系适应障碍、学术责任失衡、学业资助锐减和焦虑情绪恶化等境况。当遭遇学业障碍,“逆境中的主观能动性”和“科研为轴的关系联结”构成博士生的自救策略,但行动空间极为有限。对此,高校应从学术资源、制度规范和人文关怀三方面做出干预:一是整合院系学术资源,为博士生学习、科研提供支撑;二是落实分流退出制度,建立博士生培养的容错机制;三是重视博士生心理健康教育,分类引导博士生的焦虑情绪。The course of doctoral research is full of difficulties with implicit risks of failure,so it is also referred to as “a reckless academic gamble”.Among the doctoral students,the group of deferred doctoral students is very representative.In order to find out why some doctoral students are deferred,this paper conducts an investigation into the academic experiences of deferred doctoral students from the perspective of professional socialization.The research finds that,according to the order of academic obstacles,doctoral students usually face successively structural adjustment difficulties,relationship adaptation obstacles,academic responsibility imbalance,sharp academic funding reduction and anxiety worsening.When doctoral students encounter academic obstacles,“the subjective initiative” and “the relational bond with scientific research as the axis” constitute a self-rescue strategy,but the action space is extremely limited.In this regard,the authors suggests that universities should intervene from three aspects:academic resources,institutional norms,and humanistic care.Specifically,first,integrate academic resources of the schools and departments of the university to support the study and research of doctoral students;second,sincerely implement the triage and elimination mechanism and establish a fault-tolerant mechanism for cultivating doctoral students;and third,pay attention to the psychological health education of doctoral students and guide them to dispel negative emotions in a categorized and targeted way.

关 键 词：博士生教育 延期毕业 专业社会化阶段 学业障碍 

分 类 号：G643[文化科学—高等教育学]