论老子宇宙生成论的实质内涵——“道生一,一生二,二生三,三生万物”新解  

On the Connotation of Laozi's Theory of Cosmogony:A New Interpretation of“The Tao Generates One,One Generates Two,Two Generates Three,and Three Generates Myriad Things”

作　　者：冯国超[1] Feng Guochao

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院哲学研究所《哲学研究》编辑部,北京100732

出　　处：《文史哲》2024年第5期136-144,167,168,共11页Literature,History,and Philosophy

摘　　要：老子的宇宙生成论,最有代表性的表述,便是《老子》第四十二章中的“道生一,一生二,二生三,三生万物”。然而,关于“道生一,一生二,二生三,三生万物”的确切含义,特别是其中的“一”“二”“三”之所指,却一直众说纷纭。如对于其中的“一”,或认为指元气,或认为指“道”,或认为指“有”;对于其中的“二”,或认为指阴阳,或认为指天地,或认为指“一”与对“一”的言说之和;对于其中的“三”,或认为指天、地、人,或认为指阴气、阳气与和气;等等。有的学者则认为,这里的“一”“二”“三”,只是老子对“道”生万物的模式的一种表述,并无具体所指。经过深入考察,在此提出的新的观点是:“道生一”,指“道”即宇宙万物本原之本体显现其作用,因此,“一”指的是包含本体和作用的宇宙万物的本原;“一生二”,指有了“一”即宇宙万物的本原,从而有了天地二者,因此,“二”指的是天地;“二生三”,指的是有了天地,“一”存在于其间,从而有了“三”,因此,“三”指的是“一”加上天地二者之和;“三生万物”,指的是“一”在天地之间发挥作用,从而创生了万物。Laozi's theory of cosmogony representatively expressed in Chapter 42 of Laozi,stating that“The Tao generates One,One generates Two,Two generates Three,and Three generates myriad things.”However,interpretations regarding the exact meanings of this expression,particularly the meaning of One,Two,and Three have been diverse.When it comes to One,it is believed to refer to Qi(primordial energy),the Tao itself,or the existence;Two may denote yin and yang,heaven and earth,or One and the sum of the meanings referring to One;and Three as symbolizing heaven,earth,human beings,or yin,yang,and harmony;and so on.Some scholars argue that One,Two,and Three merely represent a pattern of how the Tao generates myriad things,without specific references.Through an in-depth investigation,a new perspective is proposed here:“The Tao generates One”signifies the Tao is the manifestation of its function as the origin of the universe and all things,thus“One”denotes the primordial essence encompassing both entity and function of all things in the universe;“One generates Two”indicates that with“One”,the primordial essence of the universe,there arise heaven and earth,hence“Two”refers to heaven and earth;“Two generates Three”signifies that with heaven and earth established,and“One”existing in between,there arises“Three”,hence“Three”is the sum of“One”and heaven and earth;“Three generates myriad things”indicates that“One”comes into play between heaven and earth,thereby generating myriad things。

关 键 词：老子 道生一 一生二 二生三 三生万物 

分 类 号：B223.1[哲学宗教—中国哲学]