基于卡尔曼滤波和模型预测控制的混合储能平抑风电功率波动策略  

Hybrid Energy Storage Based on Kalman Filter and Model Predictive Control to Smooth Out Wind Power Fluctuation Strategy

作　　者：秦磊 董海鹰 王润杰 QIN Lei;DONG Haiying;WANG Runjie(School of New Energy and Power Engineering,Lanzhou Jiaotong University,Lanzhou 730070,Gansu Province,China;School of Automation and Electrical Engineering,Lanzhou Jiaotong University,Lanzhou 730070,Gansu Province,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州交通大学新能源与动力工程学院,甘肃省兰州市730070 [2]兰州交通大学自动化与电气工程学院,甘肃省兰州市730070

出　　处：《电网技术》2024年第10期4286-4296,I0111,共12页Power System Technology

基　　金：甘肃省科技揭榜挂帅制项目(21ZD8JA001)。

摘　　要：针对混合储能平抑风电功率波动时储能系统成本过高的问题,提出一种基于卡尔曼滤波和模型预测控制的风电波动平抑控制策略。该方法基于风储联合发电系统,在满足风电平抑需求的基础上,通过预设截止频率以储能容量变化最小与功率波动最低为多目标,利用遗传算法求解卡尔曼滤波自适应参数获得最优储能目标功率。为提高混合储能系统协调运行能力,考虑调节储能荷电状态(state of charge,SOC)通过模型预测控制实现计及电池运行寿命与超级电容SOC变化的动态功率分配。最后,结合实际风电功率数据进行仿真验证。结果表明,所提策略能够有效改善电池SOC、降低超级电容容量,符合储能平抑风电功率需求,能充分考虑两种储能设备的特性差异,提高功率分配的合理性,改善储能系统经济性。To address the problem of the high cost of the energy storage system when hybrid energy storage is used to smooth out the wind power fluctuations,this paper proposes a control strategy based on the Kalman filtering and the model predictive control.The method is based on the wind-storage co-generation system,and on the basis of meeting the wind power smoothing demand,the optimal storage target power is obtained by presetting the cut-off frequency to minimise the change of storage capacity with the lowest power fluctuation as the multi-objective,and using genetic algorithm to solve the Kalman filter adaptive parameters.In order to improve the coordinated operation of the hybrid energy storage systems,the state of charge(SOC)is considered to regulate the dynamic power allocation taking into account the battery operating life and the changes of the SOC of the supercapacitor through model predictive controlling.Finally,the simulation is validated with the actual wind power data.The results show that the proposed strategy is able to effectively improve the battery SOC,reduce the supercapacitor capacity,meet the demands of the energy storage to level off the wind power,and improve the rationality of the power allocation considering the differences of the characteristics of the two energy storage devices to improve the economics of energy storage system.

关 键 词：遗传算法 卡尔曼滤波 模型预测控制 混合储能 荷电状态 风电波动平抑 

分 类 号：TM721[电气工程—电力系统及自动化]