融合无人机激光点云和影像的新建铁路交叉测量方法研究  

Research on A New Railway Cross Measurement Method Based on the Fusion of UAV Laser Point Cloud and Image

作　　者：邓继伟 DENG Jiwei(China Railway Design Corporation,Tianjin 300251,China)

机构地区：[1]中国铁路设计集团有限公司,天津300251

出　　处：《铁道勘察》2024年第5期32-37,共6页Railway Investigation and Surveying

基　　金：中国铁路设计集团有限公司科技开发计划重点课题(2022A02401008,2023A0240104,2023A0240107)。

摘　　要：当铁路与管线、电力线或者其他道路存在交叉关系时,需要进行交叉测量,目前主要采用拨角法、极坐标法和GNSS-RTK法等,存在作业效率低、返工测量多、安全隐患大等问题。针对这一技术问题,提出一种基于无人机激光点云和影像融合的新建铁路交叉测量方法,其中包括铁路带状无人机航摄数据获取及预处理、设计线位整理及交叉测量位置确定、交叉测量信息提取等关键技术,旨在通过非接触的方式高效完成新建铁路交叉测量工作。结果表明,相较于传统作业方法,该方法避免了复杂区域进入困难、安全隐患大、常规测量仪器架设不方便等问题,大幅提升交叉测量外业作业的灵活性和安全性;基于无人机激光点云与影像融合处理技术,充分利用无人机激光点云密度大、精度高、影像纹理丰富及可视化程度高的特性,为交叉测量位置确定和信息提取奠定良好基础;采用交叉测量参数计算方法可提升交叉测量的精度和可靠性,也可为其他类型交叉、跨越测量提供借鉴。Cross measurement is an important foundational work for special surveying and survey of newly built railways.The existing cross measurement is mainly completed through manual field measurement methods such as angle shifting,polar coordinate method,and GNSS-RTK method,which has problems such as low operational efficiency,multiple rework measurements,and high safety hazards.Aiming at this technical problem,this paper proposed a new railway crossing survey method based on UAV laser point cloud and image fusion,including key technologies such as data acquisition and pre-processing of railway band UAV aerial photography,sorting of design line positions and determination of cross measurement positions,and extraction of cross measurement information.The purpose is to complete the cross measurement work of the newly built railway through non-contact means.The results show that,compared to traditional operation methods,this method avoids difficulties in entering complex areas,significant safety hazards,and inconvenient installation of conventional measuring instruments.The efficiency can be improved significantly in terms of the flexibility and safety of measurement field operations.Based on the fusion processing technology of drone laser point cloud and image,the characteristics of high density,high accuracy,rich image texture,and high visualization degree of drone laser point cloud are fully utilized,laying a good foundation for determining the cross measurement position and extracting information.The method for calculating cross measurement parameters can improve the accuracy and reliability of cross measurement,and can also provide reference for the research of other types of cross,cross measurement,or other technical means.

关 键 词：铁路 交叉测量 无人机 激光点云 影像 

分 类 号：U212[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程] P231[天文地球—摄影测量与遥感]