入侵种黄顶菊与3个本地种竞争的生长及生理差异  

Growth and Physiological Differences in the Competition Between Invasive Plant Flaveria bidentis(L.)Kuntze and Three Native Species

作　　者：胡璐祎 张渊媛 张衍亮 桑卫国[1] 原雪姣 杨峥 陈颀[2,3] 钟震宇 白加德[2,3] HU Luyi;ZHANG Yuanyuan;ZHANG Yanliang;SANG Weiguo;YUAN Xuejiao;YANG Zheng;CHEN Qi;ZHONG Zhenyu;BAI Jiade(College of Life and Environmental Sciences,Minzu University of China,Beijing 100081,China;Beijing Biodiversity Conservation Research Center,Beijing 100076,China;Beijing Milu Ecological Research Center,Beijing 100076,China)

机构地区：[1]中央民族大学生命与环境科学学院,北京100081 [2]北京生物多样性保护研究中心,北京100076 [3]北京麋鹿生态实验中心,北京100076

出　　处：《环境科学研究》2024年第10期2269-2277,共9页Research of Environmental Sciences

基　　金：北京市科学技术研究院财政资助项目(No.11000024T000002940734)。

摘　　要：黄顶菊[Flaveria bidentis(L.)Kuntze]作为我国华北地区典型入侵植物,在进入新生境后会改变土壤养分特征,对本地种和生物多样性产生威胁。目前对黄顶菊入侵后与本地种竞争关系的研究仍有不足,为进一步厘清黄顶菊与不同本地种之间的竞争机制,选择黄顶菊与其入侵群落中常见的本地竞争种狗尾草[Setaria viridis(L.)Beauv.]、黄花蒿[Artemisia annua L.]和苍耳[Xanthium sibiricum Patrin ex Widder]进行单栽和混栽的替代系列实验,测定各自的株高、生物量、相对生长率、交互作用指数等生长指标,以及光合作用和酶活性等生理指标,认识不同竞争模式下植物生理生态差异。结果表明:在混栽处理中,黄顶菊的株高、生物量、相对生长率等生长指标均较单栽处理显著升高(P<0.05),交互作用指数均大于0;本地种则相反,其中,混栽处理下的黄花蒿生长指标较单栽处理降幅最大。黄顶菊净光合速率、气孔导度、胞间CO_(2)浓度、蒸腾速率等光合指标均较单栽处理显著升高(P<0.05)。黄顶菊铵态氮代谢相关的谷氨酰胺合成酶活力及谷氨酸合成酶活力较单栽处理显著升高(P<0.05),本地种硝态氮代谢相关的硝酸还原酶、亚硝酸还原酶活力较单栽处理显著升高(P<0.05)。研究显示,黄顶菊竞争能力强于3个本地种,在竞争中光合能力及铵态氮代谢活力增强,抑制本地种生长发育,促进自身快速生长发育,在竞争中获得优势,成功入侵。本研究对厘清黄顶菊种间竞争的入侵机制具有重要意义,可为防控黄顶菊的入侵扩散提供理论依据。Flaveria bidentis(L.)Kuntze,a common invasive plant in North China,significantly changes soil nutrient properties upon entering new habitats,posing a threat to native species and biodiversity.However,there is still a gap in the understanding of competitive dynamics between F.bidentis and native species after invasion.To further investigate this invasion mechanism,a series of monoculture and mixed plant replacement experiments were conducted with F.bidentis and native competitors within invaded communities.The native species included Setaria viridis(L.)Beauv,Artemisia annua L.,and Xanthium sibiricum Patrin ex Widder.Their growth indices(such as plant height,biomass,and relative growth rate)and physiological markers(including photosynthesis and enzyme activities)were measured to understand the physiological and ecological differences between plants under different competition scenarios.The results showed that compared with monoculture settings,the growth indicators such as plant height,biomass,and relative growth rate of F.bidentis in mixed planting treatment were significantly improved(P<0.05).In contrast,native species exhibited the opposite trend,with A.annua showing the greatest decrease in growth index under mixed cropping conditions compared to monoculture environments.In addition,compared with monoculture conditions,the photosynthetic indices of F.bidentis under mixed planting conditions,including net photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance,inter-cellular CO_(2) concentration and transpiration rate,were significantly higher(P<0.05).Furthermore,the activities of glutamine synthetase and glutamate synthetase,which are related to ammonium nitrogen metabolism in F.bidentis,were significantly increased(P<0.05)in comparison to monoculture settings.Conversely,the activities of nitrate reductase and nitrite reductase,integral to nitrate nitrogen metabolism in native species,were notably lower(P<0.05)under mixed planting conditions.These findings underscore the superior competitive prowess of F.bidentis relative to

关 键 词：入侵植物 黄顶菊 种间竞争 入侵机制 

分 类 号：X176[环境科学与工程—环境科学]