Glucocorticoid receptor signaling in the brain and its involvement in cognitive function  

作　　者：Chonglin Su Taiqi Huang Meiyu Zhang Yanyu Zhang Yan Zeng Xingxing Chen 

机构地区：[1]Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control,School of Medicine,Wuhan University of Science and Technology,Wuhan,Hubei Province,China

出　　处：《Neural Regeneration Research》2025年第9期2520-2537,共18页中国神经再生研究（英文版）

基　　金：supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82371444(to YZ);the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province,No.2022CFB216(to XC);the Key Research Project of Ministry of Science and Technology of China,No.2022ZD021160(to YZ)。

摘　　要：The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis regulates the secretion of glucoco rticoids in response to environmental challenges.In the brain,a nuclear receptor transcription fa ctor,the glucocorticoid recepto r,is an important component of the hypothalamicpituitary-a d renal axis's negative feedback loop and plays a key role in regulating cognitive equilibrium and neuroplasticity.The glucoco rticoid receptor influences cognitive processes,including glutamate neurotransmission,calcium signaling,and the activation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor-mediated pathways,through a combination of genomic and non-genomic mechanisms.Protein interactions within the central nervous system can alter the expression and activity of the glucocorticoid receptor,there by affecting the hypothalamic-pituitary-a d renal axis and stress-related cognitive functions.An appropriate level of glucocorticoid receptor expression can improve cognitive function,while excessive glucocorticoid receptors or long-term exposure to glucoco rticoids may lead to cognitive impairment.Patients with cognitive impairment-associated diseases,such as Alzheimer's disease,aging,depression,Parkinson's disease,Huntington's disease,stroke,and addiction,often present with dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and glucocorticoid receptor expression.This review provides a comprehensive overview of the functions of the glucoco rticoid receptor in the hypothalamic-pituitary-a d renal axis and cognitive activities.It emphasizes that appropriate glucocorticoid receptor signaling fa cilitates learning and memory,while its dysregulation can lead to cognitive impairment.This provides clues about how glucocorticoid receptor signaling can be targeted to ove rcome cognitive disability-related disorders.

关 键 词：brain-derived neurotrophic factor calcium signaling glucocorticoid receptor GLUCOCORTICOID glutamate transmission hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis long-term potentiation neurocognitive disorders NEUROPLASTICITY stress 

分 类 号：R338[医药卫生—人体生理学]