现象学视野中的时间及其对幼儿园生活的意义  

Time in the Phenomenological Horizon and Its Implication to Life in Kindergarten

作　　者：贺刚 许婷 HE Gang;XU Ting(School of Education Science,Nanjing Normal University,Nanjing 210097 China;Kindergarden of Hunan Normal Oniversity,Changsha 410081 China)

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学教育科学学院,南京210097 [2]湖南师范大学幼儿园,长沙410081

出　　处：《学前教育研究》2024年第10期51-61,共11页Studies in Early Childhood Education

基　　金：2023年度江苏教育科学规划青年专项“关系视角下中国式学前教育观念现代化的江苏道路研究”(编号:C/2023/01/54)。

摘　　要：当前以计数通达时间的方式将幼儿园生活转化为可被充分现成化的对象,然而在现象学视野中,人原本体验到的时间却并非被统摄、收拢于当下现成之中,而是具有盈余出现时的“晕圈”性的意义生发背景。这一发现的启示在于,幼儿园生活的运作在根源上需建基于非现成的、有其动态的意义生产机理的时间结构,而这尤其意味着,应该深入探索身为“人”的学前儿童对时间的原发体验。进一步经由现象学的运思发现,学前儿童体验到的时间具有“失焦”的晕状结构,这种独特的时间结构不凝聚、置身于任何现成对象,还原了人之存在的原初面貌,并进一步揭示了学前儿童的生活本身是有想象力的、时境化的,且富含美的体验,总之有其原发而饱满的意义性。幼儿园生活应该从学前儿童原本的、鲜活的时间体验出发,但又不止步于此,在更深层的现象学意义上,还需引入“社会—历史”性的时间力量,来晕染、滋养并扩展幼儿个体生活的时间结构。从现象学视野来重构时间的意蕴,将为幼儿园生活现有的时间实践带来重要变革。The current practice of setting time by counting transforms the essence of life in kindergarten into a fully given object.However,in the phenomenological horizon,the time as originally experienced by humans is not confined or condensed into ready-made;instead,it is characterized by a genetically and meaningfully background halo that transcends the present.The enlightenment from this discovery is that the development of life in kindergarten should be based on a temporal structure that is non-objectivated and has its dynamic mechanism for the genesis of meanings.This particularly implies that there is a need for a profound exploration into the primordial experience of time by young children.Further findings through the phenomenological perspective reveal that the time experienced by preschool children has a halo-like structure which is inherently“defocused”.This distinctive structure is not situated within any ready-made object,thus restoring the original state of human existence.It also further illuminated that the temporal life of preschool children is inherently imaginative,contextualized,and rich in aesthetic experiences.In sum,it endowed with original and profound capacity for the production of meaning.Life in Kindergarten should emanate from the primordial and vivid temporal experience of preschool children,but it should not stop there.Within a deeper phenomenological horizon,it is essential to draw upon the“societal-historical”dynamics from the“life-world”to surround,nourish and expand the temporal halo of the individual life of young children.The reconfiguration of the nature of time from a phenomenological horizon will also lead to significant changes in the current temporal practices of life in kindergarten.

关 键 词：现象学 时间结构 儿童时间体验 幼儿园生活 

分 类 号：G612[文化科学—学前教育学]