主动遗忘对负性情绪的影响及其认知机制  

The Effect of Active Forgetting on Negative Emotion and its Cognitive Mechanism

作　　者：杨文静 刘淇 贾惠 Yang Wenjing;Liu Qi;Jia Hui(Faculty of Psychology,Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality(Ministry of Education),Southwest University,Chongqing,400715)

机构地区：[1]西南大学心理学部,认知与人格教育部重点实验室,重庆400715

出　　处：《心理科学》2024年第5期1069-1079,共11页Journal of Psychological Science

基　　金：全国教育科学规划教育部青年课题(EBA200393)的资助。

摘　　要：主动遗忘指个体通过改变记忆的状态或通往记忆的途径来促进遗忘,以适应认知或情感目标。当前主动遗忘对负性情绪的影响及其机制研究较少,这一研究采用主动遗忘的经典范式(Think/No-Think)探讨记忆提取抑制对负性情绪的影响及其机制。结果显示,反复的记忆提取抑制会导致主动遗忘,表现为各项主客观记忆指标的下降,此效应对一般负性记忆和自传体负性记忆都存在。更为重要的是,反复提取抑制还降低了负性记忆所引发的情绪体验,具体表现为唤醒度降低及愉悦度升高。研究结果证实了主动记忆提取抑制对负性情绪的调节作用,为个体缓解负性记忆侵入带来的消极情绪体验提供了新的调节方法。Active forgetting is a cognitive process designed to facilitate the loss of certain memories by modifying either the state of the memory itself or the neural pathways leading to it.This process has significant implications for how individuals manage their memories,especially negative ones,which can affect mental health and emotional well-being.Recent research on active forgetting has focused primarily on its effects on individual memory,while few empirical studies have examined how it affects the negative emotion triggered by the negative memory.To fill this gap,the current study used the classic Think/No-Think(TNT)paradigm to investigate the effects of active forgetting on negative emotions and the associated cognitive mechanisms.The research was conducted in two separate experiments.In the first experiment,43 college students participated as paid volunteers in the TNT paradigm using sixty object-picture pairs.Neutral object pictures were presented as cues,with the paired negative images acting as the targets for suppression.A crucial part of this experiment was examining how active forgetting can be used to mitigate the emotional response to negative stimuli.Before and after the TNT phase,participants rated the pleasantness and arousal elicited by these negative images.The results from this phase of the study provided insightful data on how effectively the TNT paradigm can alter emotional processing.The second experiment extended the investigation to autobiographical memories and involved 53 undergraduate students.The procedure mirrored that of Experiment 1,but the materials were adapted to include personal memories.Similar to Experiment 1,both subjective and objective measures were assessed before and after the TNT phase to evaluate changes in the participants'emotional responses.The results of Experiment 1 revealed a significant suppression-induced forgetting(SIF)effect,consistent with prior studies,suggesting that repeated retrieval inhibition could mitigate forgetting.This effect was observed across five di

关 键 词：主动遗忘 Think/No-Think(TNT) 提取抑制 负性情绪 自传体记忆 

分 类 号：B842.3[哲学宗教—基础心理学]