执行控制训练对不同工作记忆刷新能力汉英双语者语言控制的影响  

The Effect of Executive Control Training on Language Control of Chinese-English Bilinguals with Different Working Memory Updating Ability

作　　者：李莹[1,2] 李琳 潘家冰 卢笑笑[6] 王悦 Li Ying;Li Lin;Pan Jiabing;Lu Xiaoxiao;Wang Yue(Department of Psychology,Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou,450001;Henan Key Laboratory of Imaging and Intelligent Processing,Zhengzhou,450001;School of Psychology,Northwest Normal University,Lanzhou,730070;Student Affairs Office,Guangdong Baiyun University,Guangzhou,510450;Department of Chinese and Bilingual Studies,The Hong Kong Polytechnic University,Kowloon,Hong Kong,china,999077;Faculty of Psychology,Central China Normal University,Wuhan,430079)

机构地区：[1]郑州大学应用心理学系,郑州450001 [2]河南省成像与智能处理重点实验室,郑州450001 [3]西北师范大学心理学院,兰州730070 [4]广东白云学院学生处,广州510450 [5]香港理工大学中文及双语学系,中国香港九龙999077 [6]华中师范大学心理学院,武汉430079

出　　处：《心理科学》2024年第5期1088-1095,共8页Journal of Psychological Science

基　　金：教育部人文社科规划项目(23YJA190005);河南省教育教学改革研究与实践项目(2023SJGLX132Y);河南省成像与智能处理重点实验室(HKLIIP2023-A04);郑州大学教育教学改革研究与实践项目(2022ZZUJG025)的资助。

摘　　要：通过考察执行控制训练对双语者语言控制的影响,进一步揭示双语者语言控制和执行控制功能的内在联系。采用西蒙箭头任务对不同工作记忆刷新能力的汉英双语者进行执行控制训练,并在训练前后进行语言转换测试。研究发现,与高工作记忆刷新组相比,低工作记忆刷新组在训练后的语言切换代价减小趋势更明显,并在四个月的后测中表现出切换代价减小,而控制组差异不显著。语言转换前后测中,被试从一语切换到二语的反应时均小于二语切换到一语。研究结果表明,执行控制训练对汉英双语者的语言控制具有即时和长期效果,并且双语者的工作记忆刷新能力在执行控制向语言控制的迁移效应中起到调节作用。An increasing number of researches have shown that bilinguals have certain advantages in executive control function,which is due to the multilingual language control process to avoid the interference from unexpected languages.However,it is controversial that what cognitive processing is shared between the processes of language control and executive control.To further investigate whether the ability of domain-general executive control can also affect language control of bilinguals and whether individual differences of working memory updating is an important factor of the relationship between bilinguals'language control and their executive control function,the present study focused on the effect of executive control function training on the language control of Chinese-English bilinguals with different working memory updating abilities.Participants were divided into two different experimental groups according to the scores of their working memory updating test.Then,both experimental groups were trained on their executive control function using the Simon task.The executive control function training task was conducted two times with one week apart.A pre-test of language switching task was conducted before training,and a post-test of language switching task was conducted immediately and four months later after the training.Some other homogeneous participants were selected as the control group,which were conducted the same pre-test and post-test of language switching tasks only without the executive control function training.The results showed that:(1)Compared with the control group,there was a significant difference in participants'language switch costs of experimental group between the pre-test and post-test of language switching tasks.After the executive control training,their language switching costs were decreased both in the immediate and in the long-term post-tests.(2)Compared with the participants with high working memory updating ability and control group,those with low working memory updating ability showed a

关 键 词：执行控制训练 工作记忆刷新 双语语言控制 切换代价 

分 类 号：B842.3[哲学宗教—基础心理学]