社会比较和利益得失对5~6岁儿童公平分配行为的影响:社会关系的作用  

The Effect Of Social Comparison and Gain-Loss Interests on Equitable Distribution In 5- to 6-year-olds: The Role of Social Relationship

作　　者：丁天娇 朱梦怡 张慧[1] Ding Tianjiao;Zhu Mengyi;Zhang Hui(College of Child Development and Education,Zhejiang Normal University,Hangzhou,311231)

机构地区：[1]浙江师范大学儿童发展与教育学院,杭州311231

出　　处：《心理科学》2024年第5期1103-1112,共10页Journal of Psychological Science

基　　金：浙江省哲学社会科学基金(青年)项目(21NDQN222YB)的资助。

摘　　要：儿童公平分配行为是其社会性发展的重要课题,研究系统考察了儿童对不同社会关系分配对象的公平分配行为如何受社会比较和利益得失的影响。结果发现:(1)社会比较在儿童对不同社会关系分配对象分配时的具体作用相反,儿童对陌生人更可能选择“我比你多”,而对好朋友更可能回避“我比你多”;(2)结合利益得失考虑,当公平代价较小时,利益得失、社会比较与社会关系的交互作用显著,相比于陌生人,儿童对好朋友一定程度上更不计较自己所处地位和所得收益;(3)当公平代价较大时,三者交互作用不显著,儿童更加关注自身利益得失,内群体偏爱的程度也随之减弱。这表明社会关系影响儿童分配决策中对地位和得失等因素的考量。Equitable distribution behavior involves the fair allocation of resources,but complexities arise when considering social relationships,social comparison,and gain-loss interests are considered.As distributors,young children do not pursue equity or personal gain-loss alone;rather,they approach distribution with a comprehensive consideration of these elements.This paper examines how children's distributive behavior is affected by these factors in complex allocation situations involving social comparison and gain-loss interests,and how the social relationship to the distributive object affects the role of these factors.Building on the existing literature,we hypothesized that the social relationship between young children and those to whom they are distributed is a crucial factor,leading to different outcomes with different distribution patterns.Children's social comparison involved not only judging whether they were better than others,but also weighing their gains and losses across various distributional scenarios.Moreover,there was an interaction between social comparison and gain-loss interests,the manifestation of which depended on the cost of fairness and the influence of the social relationship with the distribution object.In this study,3 experiments were conducted.Experiment 1 was a single-factor within-subjects design.We selected 50 children aged 5 to 6.The classic dictator game task was used to explore the characteristics and allocation patterns of children's distribution behaviors under different social relations including close friends and strangers.Children were also asked why they allocated in each condition.Experiment 2 adopted a 2(the social relationship:close,distant)×2(the social comparison:upward social comparison,downward social comparison)×3(gain-loss interests:no gain-loss,gain,loss)within three factor mixed-subject design.We selected 80 children and used the coerced choice game tasks to delve into the mechanism of social comparison and gain-loss interests on children's equitable distribution be

关 键 词：公平分配 社会关系 社会比较 利益得失 内群体偏爱 

分 类 号：B842[哲学宗教—基础心理学]