多麦克风阵列数据融合声源定位方法研究  

Research on sound source localization method using data fusion of multiple microphone arrays

作　　者：刘扬[1] 张传营 赵景玉 卜凡亮[1] Liu Yang;Zhang Chuanying;Zhao Jingyu;Bu Fanliang(College of Information and Network Security,People’s Public Security University of China,Beijing 102600,China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民公安大学信息网络安全学院,北京102600

出　　处：《电子测量与仪器学报》2024年第7期97-108,共12页Journal of Electronic Measurement and Instrumentation

基　　金：中国人民公安大学双一流创新研究项目(2023SYL08)资助。

摘　　要：针对TDOA估计精度受采样频率限制的问题以及单一麦克风阵列声源定位误差较大的问题,提出了两种改进方法并进行了仿真验证。首先,为了解决采样频率低导致的TDOA估计误差较大的问题,提出了一种基于三次样条插值的改进二次互相关算法进行TDOA估计的方法,在第1次互相关后进行三次样条插值提高采样频率,之后进行第2次互相关求得TDOA。在10倍插值的条件下仿真表明该方法将TDOA误差从7.6%降低到0.6%,有效的提升了估计精度。其次,为了解决单个麦克风阵列声源定位误差较大的问题提出了一种多麦克风阵列数据融合的声源定位方法,以四元十字麦克风阵列为单元,首先在每个单元阵列上进行单独的声源定位,之后将多个单元阵列的定位结果进行融合得到最终的声源位置,选取空间中的10个点利用双麦克风阵列以及四麦克风阵列对比单麦克风阵列进行远场定位仿真,结果表明,单麦克风阵列在声源距离较远时的定位误差达1 m以上,而利用所提方法设计的双麦克风阵列的定位距离误差在0.3 m以下,四麦克风阵列的定位距离误差在0.2 m以下,大大提高了声源定位的精度。Addressing the issues of TDOA estimation accuracy being limited by sampling frequency and the large localization errors of a single microphone array,this paper proposes two improved methods and conducts simulation verification.Firstly,to tackle the problem of significant TDOA estimation errors caused by low sampling frequency,a modified cross-correlation algorithm based on cubic spline interpolation is proposed.This method involves performing cubic spline interpolation after the first cross-correlation to increase the sampling frequency,followed by a second cross-correlation to obtain the TDOA.Simulations under 10x interpolation conditions demonstrate that this method reduces the TDOA error from 7.6%to 0.6%,effectively minimizing the estimation error.Secondly,to address the large localization errors associated with a single microphone array,a multi-microphone array data fusion method for sound source localization is proposed.This approach involves fusing the localization results of multiple microphone arrays to obtain the final sound source position.Using a quaternary cross array as an example,simulations were conducted at 10 points in space,comparing far-field localization accuracy between dual-microphone arrays,quad-microphone arrays,and single microphone arrays.The results show that the localization error for a single microphone array exceeds 1 meter when the sound source is distant,whereas the proposed dual-microphone array design achieves localization errors below 0.3 meters,and the quad-microphone array achieves errors below 0.2 meters,significantly enhancing the accuracy of sound source localization.

关 键 词：到达时间差 麦克风阵列 声源定位 三次样条插值 互相关 

分 类 号：TN912.3[电子电信—通信与信息系统]