笑何以可能?——一种“问题—解决”模式的解释  

How is Laughter Possible?An Explanation through a"Problem-Solution"Model

作　　者：吴学国[1] 聂一齐 Wu Xueguo;Nie Yiqi

机构地区：[1]南开大学哲学院,天津300350

出　　处：《南开学报（哲学社会科学版）》2024年第5期66-78,共13页Journal of Nankai university Philosophy,Literature and Social Science Edition

摘　　要：笑的发生机制应当是一个包括导致笑的对象、领会和情绪反应等多个环节的整体。已有的几种主要理论首先都是着眼于这个机制的某一环节的某种单一特征,导致其解释的原因往往缺乏逻辑的充分性和必要性;其次它们都未能确立领会在这一机制中的基础地位,其解释是经验性的。为此我们提出了一个新的解释模式,即“问题—解决”模式。它一方面以喜剧为范例阐明了笑的完整发生机制的每一环节的特点及其在这一机制中的作用,并由此对上述理论进行整合,故具有更充分的解释力。另一方面它表明喜剧性的领会才是笑的根本原因,阐明了领会规定情绪并最终导致笑的客观表现的逻辑,并且表明这种领会的特点在于通过一种出乎意料的问题解决方式使领会者对于对象的态度突然从敬重转化为蔑视;它由此不仅阐明了笑的先验根据,而且得以更深刻地认识笑和喜剧的存在论意义。The mechanism of laughter should be understood as an integrated process that includes multiple stages,such as the object that induces laughter,comprehension,and emotional response.However,existing major theories primarily focus on a single characteristic of one stage in this process,often resulting in explanations that lack logical sufficiency and necessity.Moreover,they fail to establish the foundational role of comprehension within this mechanism,making their interpretations empirical.In response,we propose a new explanatory model,the"problem-solution model".On one hand,this model uses comedy as a paradigm to clarify the characteristics of each stage in the complete mechanism of laughter and its role within this process,thereby integrating the aforementioned theories and offering a more comprehensive explanatory power.On the other hand,it demonstrates that comedic comprehension is the fundamental cause of laughter,explaining the logic by which comprehension determines emotion and ultimately leads to the objective manifestation of laughter.It further shows that the unique feature of this comprehension lies in the way it unexpectedly solves a problem,causing the observer's attitude toward the object to suddenly shift from respect to disdain.In this way,the model not only clarifies the a priori basis of laughter,but also provides a deeper understanding of the ontological significance of laughter and comedy.

关 键 词：笑 “问题—解决”模式 喜剧 蔑视态度 

分 类 号：B842[哲学宗教—基础心理学]