植入式脑机接口系统实现、临床进展与技术挑战  

The Implementation,Clinical Progress and Technical Challenges of Implantable Brain-Computer Interface Systems

作　　者：邱文灿 马良 郭浩月 杨俊杰 李骁健[1,2] QIU Wen-Can;MA Liang;GUO Hao-Yue;YANG Jun-Jie;LI Xiao-Jian(Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology,Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shenzhen 518055,China;Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shenzhen 518055,China;Shenzhen We-Linking Medical Technology Co.,Ltd.,Shenzhen 518055,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院深圳先进技术研究院,深港脑科学创新研究院,深圳518055 [2]中国科学院大学深圳先进技术学院,深圳518055 [3]深圳微灵医疗科技有限公司,深圳518055

出　　处：《生物化学与生物物理进展》2024年第10期2478-2497,共20页Progress In Biochemistry and Biophysics

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2023YFE0101400)资助项目。

摘　　要：近年来,脑机接口的临床实验进展使得该技术受到了越来越多的关注。本文综述了植入式脑机接口(implantable brain-computer interfaces,iBCIs)的系统实现及最新临床进展,随后对制约iBCIs规模化的关键技术及挑战展开了讨论。在系统实现部分,本文将前端电极分为刺入式和贴附式两种类型展开介绍,并将实验范式视作解码器的学习基准放置于信号处理与解码器部分进行讨论,同时将效应器视作i BCIs系统的关键部分进行了单独的讨论分析。在临床进展部分,本文从患者的角度出发,将iBCIs系统的最新临床进展分为功能康复和功能替代两种类型并对两者的功能界限作了深入探讨。最后,文章提出,目前iBCIs关键技术挑战来源于多个方面,包括高通量且高生物相容性神经界面、准确且鲁棒的解码算法和涉及患者与制造商之间可能存在的伦理隐私安全问题。因此,iBCIs技术发展需要相关各方共同努力助力推进更为广泛且深入的临床应用。The breakthrough progress of implantable brain-computer interfaces(iBCIs)technology in the field of clinical trials has attracted widespread attention from both academia and industry.The development and advancement of this technology have provided new solutions for the rehabilitation of patients with movement disorders.However,challenges from many aspects make it difficult for iBCIs to further implement and transform technologies.This paper illustrates the key challenges restricting the large-scale development of iBCIs from the perspective of system implementation,then discusses the latest clinical application progress in depth,aiming to provide new ideas for researchers.For the system implementation part,we have elaborated the front-end signal collector,signal processing and decoder,then the effector.The most important part of the front-end module is the neural electrode,which can be divided into two types:piercing and attached.These two types of electrodes are newly classified and described.In the signal processing and decoder section,we have discussed the experimental paradigm together with signal processing and decoder for the first time and believed that the experimental paradigm acts as a learning benchmark for decoders that play a pivotal role in iBCIs systems.In addition,the characteristics and roles of the effectors commonly used in iBCIs systems,including cursors and robotic arms,are analyzed in detail.In the clinical progress section,we have divided the latest clinical progress into two categories:functional rehabilitation and functional replacement from the perspective of the application scenarios of iBCIs.Functional rehabilitation and functional replacement are two different types of application,though the boundary between the two is not absolute.To this end,we have first introduced the corresponding clinical trial progress from the three levels:application field,research team,and clinical timeline,and then conducted an in-depth discussion and analysis of their functional boundaries,in order to provi

关 键 词：植入式脑机接口 实验范式 解码器 效应器 临床进展 技术挑战 

分 类 号：R318[医药卫生—生物医学工程] R496[医药卫生—基础医学] TP391[自动化与计算机技术—计算机应用技术]