浙江省中小学生早餐现状及相关因素分析  

Analysis of current status and related factors of breakfast among primary and secondary school students in Zhejiang Province

作　　者：赵栋[1] 苏丹婷[1] 邹艳[1] 黄李春[1] 何梦洁 韩丹 顾炜[1] 章荣华[1] ZHAO Dong;SU Danting;ZOU Yan;HUANG Lichun;HE Mengjie;HAN Dan;GU Wei;ZHANG Ronghua(Department of Nutrition and Food Safety,Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Hangzhou(310051),Zhejiang Province,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江省疾病预防控制中心营养与食品安全所,杭州310051

出　　处：《中国学校卫生》2024年第9期1260-1263,共4页Chinese Journal of School Health

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2020YFC2006301)

摘　　要：目的了解浙江省中小学生早餐现状及相关因素,为改善中小学生早餐习惯提供科学依据。方法2023年5—11月,在浙江省90个县市区采用分层整群随机抽样方法抽取小学四至六年级和初中一至二年级学生33326名,采用问卷收集学生的基本信息和早餐行为。采用多因素Logistic回归分析中小学生早餐的相关因素。结果81.29%的中小学生每天吃早餐,上学日高于休息日(92.23%,85.17%),小学生高于初中生(85.83%,74.71%),差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)值分别为827.42,655.03,P值均<0.01)。49.19%的中小学生10 min内吃完早餐。83.30%的中小学生早餐吃3~5种食物,早餐每天吃谷薯类、奶及奶制品、蛋类的中小学生分别占18.76%,28.85%,14.63%,早餐不吃肉类、豆制品、蔬菜、水果的中小学生较多,分别占22.84%,28.00%,32.60%,32.23%。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,女生、乡村、初中、住宿地(学校宿舍,其他)、父母在外打工情况(一方在外,均在外)、休息日睡觉时间(22:00—22:59,23:00及以后)、休息日起床时间(9:00及以后)与不是每天早餐均呈正相关(OR值分别为1.22,1.40,1.46,1.20,1.20,1.34,1.36,1.41,3.51,2.32,P值均<0.05)。白天活动时间(30~<60,60~<90,90~120,>120 min/d)、上学日睡觉时间(21:00—21:59,22:00—22:59)、上学日起床时间(6:00—6:59,7:00—7:59)与不是每天早餐均呈负相关(OR值分别为0.75,0.64,0.67,0.64,0.77,0.82,0.75,0.67,P值均<0.05)。结论浙江省中小学生不是每天吃早餐的比例较高,早餐行为与多种因素相关。应加强早餐相关营养教育,改善中小学生早餐饮食行为。Objective To understand current status and related factors of breakfast among primary and secondary school students in Zhejiang Province,so as to provide a scientific basis for improving breakfast habits of primary and secondary school students.Methods During May to November of 2023,33326 students from grade four to six of primary schools and grade one to two of secondary schools were selected from 90 counties and cities in Zhejiang Province by using the stratified cluster random sampling method.General information and breakfast consumption were collected by questionnaire.Multivariate Logistic regression was used to analyze the related factors of breakfast.Results About 81.29%of the primary and secondary school students reported regular breakfast consumption.The rate of regular breakfast consumption was higher on the school days(92.23%)than on the weekends(85.17%),and higher in primary school students(85.83%)compared to secondary school students(74.71%),with statistically significant differences(χ^(2)=827.42,655.03,P<0.01).About 49.19%of primary and secondary school students had their breakfast within 10 minutes or less,and 83.30%of primary and secondary school students had 3-5 food groups for breakfast.The proportions of students who consumed cereals and potatoes,milk,and eggs were respectively 18.76%,28.85%,14.63%.About 22.84%,28.00%,32.60%and 32.23%of the students had no meat,soybeans,vegetables and fruits in their breakfast.The results of multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that girls,rural area,secondary school,place of living(dormitory,others),migrant parent(one or both outside the hometown),late bedtime(22:00-22:59,23:00 and later)and late wake-up time(9:00 and later)on the weekends were positively correlated with no having breakfast every day(OR=1.22,1.40,1.46,1.20,1.20,1.34,1.36,1.41,3.51,2.32,P<0.05).The time of physical activity per day(30-<60,60-<90,90-120,>120 min),bedtime(21:00-21:59,22:00-22:59)and wake-up time(6:00-6:59,7:00-7:59)on school days were negatively correlated with no havi

关 键 词：饮食习惯 进食 回归分析 学生 

分 类 号：R179[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健] R155.1[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学] G479[文化科学—教育学]