全株藜麦与玉米秸秆混合青贮对营养成分、青贮品质及霉菌毒素含量的影响  

Effects of whole-plant quinoa and corn stover mixed silage on nutrient composition,silage quality,and mycotoxin content

作　　者：丁立琦 崔建晓 邱淼 张凯文 高标 刘家斌[2] 朱风华[1] DING Li-qi;CUI Jian-xiao;QIU Miao;ZHANG Kai-wen;GAO Biao;LIU Jia-bin;ZHU Feng-hua

机构地区：[1]青岛农业大学动物科技学院,山东青岛266109 [2]青岛农业大学现代农业科技服务中心,山东青岛266109

出　　处：《饲料研究》2024年第17期121-127,共7页Feed Research

基　　金：山东省羊产业技术体系(项目编号:SDAIT-10);中央引导地方科技发展专项计划项目(项目编号:22-1-3-3-zyyd-nsh)。

摘　　要：试验旨在探究不同青贮时间和方式下,全株藜麦与玉米秸秆混合青贮对营养成分、青贮品质及霉菌毒素含量的影响。以采集离地面20 cm灌浆期的“晋藜1号”和玉米秸秆为原料,将原料切碎至2~3 cm。设2个处理组,对照组(CK组)为全株藜麦,试验组(CS组)全株藜麦∶玉米秸秆(鲜重∶风干物质)=6∶4。每组12个重复,青贮60 d。分别于青贮第15、30、45、60 d取样,分析发酵参数、营养成分,于60 d分析霉菌毒素含量。结果显示,在青贮时间上,与青贮第15 d相比,CK组、CS组青贮第60 d的干物质(DM)、粗脂肪(EE)、粗纤维(CF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)含量和pH值均显著降低(P<0.05),粗蛋白(CP)、粗灰分(Ash)、钙(Ca)、磷(P)、乳酸(LA)、乙酸(AA)、丙酸(PA)、丁酸(BA)的含量及氨态氮/总氮(NH3-N/TN)均显著升高(P<0.05);CK组酸性洗涤木质素(ADL)含量显著降低(P<0.05)。在处理方式上,与CK组相比,CS组DM、CF、NDF、ADL、LA、AA的含量和NH3-N/TN均显著升高(P<0.05),CP、EE、Ash、P、PA含量和pH值均显著降低(P<0.05)。与CK组相比,CS组青贮第30、45 d的BA含量显著升高(P<0.05),青贮60 d的BA含量显著降低(P<0.05)。青贮第60 d时,与CK组相比,CS组黄曲霉毒素(AFB1)含量降低,玉米赤霉烯酮(ZEA)、呕吐毒素(DON)含量升高,两组均低于饲料卫生标准。研究表明,灌浆期全株藜麦单独青贮和与玉米秸秆混合(6∶4)青贮均达到优质青贮饲料标准,但灌浆期全株藜麦单独青贮效果优于与玉米秸秆混合(6∶4)青贮,且均在45~60 d可获得优质青贮饲料。The experiment aimed to explore the impact of different ensiling times and methods on the nutritional components,silage quality,and mycotoxin content of whole-plant quinoa mixed with corn stover.The raw materials were'Jinli 1'and corn stover harvested 20 cm above the ground at the milk stage,which were cut into 2~3 cm lengths.Two treatment groups was designed,including the control group(CK group),fed with whole-plant quinoa,and the test group(CS group)fed with a mixture of whole-plant quinoa to corn stover(fresh weight∶dry weight ratio of 6∶4).There were 12 replicates per group,and the silage for 60 days.Samples were taken at 15,30,45,and 60 days of ensiling to analyze fermentation parameters and nutritional components,and mycotoxin content was analyzed at 60 days.The results showed that in terms of ensiling time,compared with the 15th day of ensiling,the content of dry matter(DM),crude fat(EE),crude fiber(CF),acid detergent fiber(ADF),and pH value of the CK group and CS group on the 60th day of ensiling were all significantly reduced(P<0.05),while the content of crude protein(CP),crude ash(Ash),calcium(Ca),phosphorus(P),lactic acid(LA),acetic acid(AA),propionic acid(PA),butyric acid(BA),and the ratio of ammonia nitrogen to total nitrogen(NH3-N/TN)all significantly increased(P<0.05),the content of acid detergent lignin(ADL)in the CK group was significantly reduced(P<0.05).In terms of treatment methods,compared with the CK group,the content of DM,CF,NDF,ADL,LA,AA,and NH3-N/TN in the CS group were all significantly increased(P<0.05),while the content of CP,EE,Ash,P,PA,and pH value were all significantly reduced(P<0.05).Compared with the CK group,the content of BA in the CS group on the 30th and 45th days of ensiling was significantly increased(P<0.05),and the content of BA on the 60th day of ensiling was significantly reduced(P<0.05).On the 60th day of ensiling,compared with the CK group,the content of aflatoxin(AFB1)in the CS group was reduced,while the content of zearalenone(ZEA)and deoxynivalenol(DON)was inc

关 键 词：青贮 藜麦 玉米秸秆 营养成分 青贮品质 霉菌毒素 

分 类 号：S816[农业科学—饲料科学]