“非人称主语句”研究存在的问题与对策  

Problems in the Studies of Nonpersonal Subject Sentences and the Countermeasures

作　　者：吴克炎 童启招 WU Keyan;TONG Qizhao(School of Foreign Languages,Minnan Normal University,Zhangzhou 363000,China)

机构地区：[1]闽南师范大学外国语学院,福建漳州363000

出　　处：《上海理工大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第5期427-433,共7页Journal of University of Shanghai for Science and Technology：Social Sciences Edition

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目(20YJA740045)。

摘　　要：非人称主语句是语言研究中关涉人称、物称的重要概念,已有一些相关研究成果,但一直处于混沌状态,存在三个问题:分类不当造成泛化、外延交叉造成含混、概念不清造成误判。提出三个对策:1)科学分类消除泛化:该句式通过句法修辞和隐喻修辞两个路径获得,其中隐喻修辞含拟人句与死隐喻带来的常规实例,只有句法修辞句和拟人句有修辞意义;2)确定外延消除含混:将句法修辞类型命名为“非人称行为句”并确定其构式,将其与隐喻修辞明确辨别,补充其“转移责任”功能,提高应用效果;3)明确概念消除误判:强调非人称主语句在汉语中也大量存在,只有英语的“非人称行为句”的修辞效果难以在汉语中保留。研究有助于解决句法修辞和隐喻修辞之间长期困扰学习者的概念重叠问题,有利于提高应用实效。Achievements have been made on Nonpersonal Subject Sentences(NSS),an important issue in linguistic studies concerning animacy,but there exist three problems:overgeneralization because of improper classification,chaos due to the confusing denotation and misjudgments resulted from vague concepts.Three countermeasures are put forward:1)to classify NSS scientifically to avoid overgeneralization by proposing that NSS results from syntactic and metaphorical devices and the latter include anthropomorphic sentences and dead metaphor with no rhetorical effects;2)to define the denotation to remove chaos by naming the syntactic type as Nonpersonal Action Sentence(NAS)and distinguishing it from metaphorical types by analyzing its function of“transferring responsibility”to improve its practical effect;3)to clarify the concepts without misjudgments by declaring that there are many NSS in Chinese and that only the rhetorical effects of NAS in English cannot be retained in Chinese.The research is conducive to solving the long-lasting overlapping problem between syntactic and metaphorical devices with better effects.

关 键 词：非人称主语句 泛化 拟人句 非人称行为句 “转移责任”功能 

分 类 号：H319[语言文字—英语]