公办高校法人治理结构的问题识别与规范路径  

The Problem Identification and Regulatory Path of Corporation Governance Structure in Public Universities

作　　者：刘旭东 LIU Xudong(Law School,Jiangsu Normal University,Xuzhou 221116,China;Institute for Chinese Legal Modernization Studies,Nanjing Normal University,Nanjing 210097,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏师范大学法学院,徐州221116 [2]南京师范大学中国法治现代化研究院,南京210097

出　　处：《重庆高教研究》2024年第6期40-51,共12页Chongqing Higher Education Research

基　　金：国家社会科学基金教育学一般项目“我国教育法典编纂的框架体系研究”(BAA220169)。

摘　　要：高校法人治理结构的规范化是建设教育强国的重要保障。事业单位法人的定位尽管对高校公法主体与私法主体的属性有所关照,但难以准确界定两种身份下高校分别享有的权力(权利)与承担的责任,也无法彰显高校作为学术主体的身份特征,导致高校法人治理结构的失范。对外具备独立的法律人格,对内实现组织权责架构的清晰性,是作为法人的高校应当具备的固有属性。高校法人的权力来源包括学术权力、国家权力以及社会权力。由此,高校法人治理结构的规范化应以规范高校的三大权力来源为切入点,以巩固高校作为法人应当具备的属性为目标。对外方面,依托“政校分开”和“政资分开”促使政府对高校的管理从直接管理转为间接管理,保障高校作为公法主体的独立性,并将教师界定为拥有较大独立性且掌握专业学术技能的特殊劳动者,明确教师与政府间乃是外部法律关系;防范高校从事与办学宗旨无关的营利性活动,维系其作为私法主体的公益性。对内方面,构建职责明晰的非学术权力组织架构,实现政治权力、行政权力与民主权力的科学划分与有效配合;扭转学术权力的依附性与碎片化,巩固学术委员会最高学术权力机构的地位以及高校学术主体的底色。The standardization of corporate governance structure in universities is a key path to building an educational powerhouse.Although the attention is paid to the attributes of public law and private law entities of universities,the positioning of public institution is difficult to accurately define the power(rights)and responsibilities that universities respectively enjoy,nor can it highlight the identity of academic entities of universities,resulting in the anomie of the corporation governance structure in universities.Having independent legal personality externally,and the clarity of internal organizational power and responsibility structure internally are inherent attributes that university should possess.The sources of power in universities include academic power,state power,and social power.The standardization of corporate governance structure in universities should start from regulating the three major sources of power in universities,with the goal of consolidating the inherent attributes of university corporation.Externally,relying on the“separation of government and school”and“separation of government and capital”promotes the government’s management of universities from direct management to indirect management,ensuring the independence of universities as public law subjects,and defining teachers as special laborers with greater independence and professional academic skills,clarifying that the relationship between teachers and the government is an external legal relationship;preventing universities from engaging in for-profit activities unrelated to their educational objectives,their public welfare as private law entities is maintained.Internally,establishing a non-academic power organizational structure with clear responsibilities,the scientific division and effective coordination of political power,administrative power,and democratic power are achieved;by reversing the dependence and fragmentation of academic power,the position of the academic committee is consolidated as the highest academic aut

关 键 词：高校 法人治理结构 教育法典 规范路径 

分 类 号：G644[文化科学—高等教育学] DF0-059[文化科学—教育学]