裁量基准:高校师德失范行为处理的技术构造  

Discretionary Benchmark:Technical Construction for Dealing with Ethical Misconduct in Higher Education Institutions

作　　者：范奇 FAN Qi(School of Teacher Education,Southwest University,Chongqing 400715,China)

机构地区：[1]西南大学教师教育学院,重庆400715

出　　处：《重庆高教研究》2024年第6期64-78,共15页Chongqing Higher Education Research

基　　金：重庆市教委人文社会科学研究项目“党的二十届三中全会精神研究阐释专项课题”(24SKCS)。

摘　　要：高校出台教师违反职业道德行为处理办法,是师德规训法治化的重要举措,也是依法治校的内在要求。然而,目前高校师德失范行为处理结果存在“同案不同判”的现象,根源之一是处理裁量基准不完善,包括裁量基准本身性质模糊,内容、程序及结果面向的制度规定阙如等。基于师德失范的伦理性质与专业自治要求,高校呼唤处理裁量基准的完善。在价值定位上,高校师德失范行为处理裁量基准是一套多层次的行政自制规范体系,也是自治与他治的博弈体,需要增补程序规制标准。实践中,裁量基准也有其适用局限性,主要是师德概念无法完全法律化及技术化。在技术构造上,师德失范行为处理裁量基准的核心内容是“事实—情节—效果”的格化。在法治实践层面,需要建立以高校为主导的多层次裁量判断基准,重点完善以“事实—情节—效果”为梯度的格化基准,具体需要对侮辱、伤害学生以及猥亵、性骚扰等不正当关系行为,学术不端等相关行为,发表不当言论、损害国家公共利益及违背公序良俗等行为,违反教学纪律、从业纪律以及廉洁纪律等行为4类高风险行为基准进行重点细化,同时还需要重视程序性裁量基准的建构,实现裁量基准行政监督和司法监督全覆盖。通过依托高校,平衡自主与监督的双重效果,保障教师的合法权益,实现教师职业道德规范的重塑。The introduction of measures for handling teachers’violations of professional ethics by universities is an important measure for the legalization of teacher ethics training and an inherent requirement for governing schools according to law.However,there is currently a phenomenon of“different judgments for the same case”in the process of handling misconduct in teacher ethics in universities.One of the root causes is the incomplete discretion standards for handling,mainly including the vague nature of the discretion standards themselves,the lack of institutional provisions for content,procedures,and outcome orientation.Based on the ethical nature of misconduct in teacher ethics and the requirement for professional autonomy,universities call for the improvement of discretionary standards for handling.In terms of value positioning,the discretion benchmark for handling misconduct in college teacher ethics is a multi-level administrative self-discipline normative system,which is also a game between autonomy and heteronomy,and requires the addition of procedural regulatory standards.However,the discretion benchmark also has its limitations in application,mainly due to the inability to fully legalize and technologize the concept of teacher ethics.In terms of technical construction,the core content of the discretion benchmark for handling misconduct in teacher ethics lies in the standardization of“fact-plot-effect”.At the level of rule of law practice,it is necessary to establish a multi-level discretionary judgment benchmark led by universities,with a focus on improving the grid benchmark based on the gradient of“facts-circumstances-effects”.Specifically,four high-risk behavior benchmarks should be refined,including insulting,harming students,indecent and sexual harassment,academic misconduct,making inappropriate remarks,damaging national public interests,violating public order and good customs,violating teaching discipline,professional discipline,and integrity discipline.At the same time,attention should b

关 键 词：裁量基准 高校教师 师德失范 技术构造 

分 类 号：G645[文化科学—高等教育学] D90-059[文化科学—教育学]