历史制度主义视角下我国流动儿童基本公共教育服务制度变迁与发展  

Changes and Development of the Basic Public Education Service System for Migrant Children in China from the Perspective of Historical Institutionalism

作　　者：王鹏程 WANG Pengcheng

机构地区：[1]南开大学周恩来政府管理学院,天津300350

出　　处：《深圳社会科学》2024年第6期117-126,共10页Social Sciences in Shenzhen

基　　金：河南省高校人文社会科学研究一般项目“优质均衡视域下河南省县域义务教育学校合理布局研究”(2025-ZZJH-063)。

摘　　要：流动儿童教育与新型城镇化发展密不可分,科学认知其制度变迁逻辑和发展进路是全面建成小康社会、加快社会主义现代化建设进程中的重要议题。文章将历史制度主义用于较长时间跨度的流动儿童基本公共教育服务制度变迁分析,并将制度变迁全过程大致划分为零星试点、明确主体和权责划分三个历史阶段。其制度变迁逻辑体现了历史制度主义分析范式中关键节点和路径依赖的制度要点,其中“试点”政策和“两为主”原则是制度变迁的关键节点。地方政府对户籍制度的主动依赖,以及推动以户籍制度为核心的组合制度变迁所需要的制度成本递增、收益缓慢所产生的自我增强机制,在制度发展过程中形成了明显的路径依赖。未来,流动儿童基本公共教育服务制度发展变迁应该继续从城乡一体化发展、增强基本公共服务可及性为核心的政策群中,寻找制度变迁的关键节点;同时突破对既有制度的路径依赖,地方政府的权责划分始终是保障流动儿童教育公平的关键。The education of migrant children is closely intertwined with the development of new urbanization.A scientific understanding of the logic and trajectory of its institutional evolution is a crucial issue in the process of building a moderately prosperous society and accelerating socialist modernization.This paper applies historical institutionalism to analyze the evolution of basic public education services for migrant children over an extended period,dividing the process into three historical stages:sporadic pilot projects,clarification of key actors,and delineation of responsibilities.The logic of institutional evolution reflects key elements of critical junctures and path dependence within the historical institutionalism framework.Pilot policies and the“two main principles”serve as pivotal junctures in the process of institutional change.Local governments’active reliance on the household registration system(hukou)and the increasing institutional costs combined with the slow returns on efforts to promote institutional change centered on this system have led to a self-reinforcing mechanism,creating a clear path dependence in institutional development.Looking forward,the evolution of the basic public education service system for migrant children should continue to seek critical junctures within policy frameworks that focus on integrated urbanization and enhanced accessibility to basic public services.At the same time,overcoming the path dependence of existing institutions is essential,with the delineation of local government responsibilities remaining a key factor in ensuring educational equity for migrant children.

关 键 词：流动儿童 公共教育服务制度 历史制度主义 关键节点 路径依赖 

分 类 号：G629.22[文化科学—教育学]