“书院办通识”:美国加州大学圣地亚哥分校的通识教育实践  

The Residential College Model for General Education at University of California San Diego

作　　者：李会春[1] LI Huichun(Institute of Higher Education,Fudan University,Shanghai 200433,China)

机构地区：[1]复旦大学高等教育研究所,上海200433

出　　处：《复旦教育论坛》2024年第4期119-128,共10页Fudan Education Forum

基　　金：全国教育科学“十三五”规划2019年度教育部重点课题“一流本科教育战略下的‘通专融合’问题研究”(DIA190399)。

摘　　要：书院办通识是现代大学通识教育发展,推进通专融合,实现文化育人的重要途径。美国加州大学圣地亚哥分校以书院为主体,规划并实施了实体性、规模化的通识教育课程方案。特征如下:(1)书院教育前置于专业教育以强化书院通识功能;(2)多元结构化要求兼顾通识教育品质和学生选择自由度;(3)书院教育理念特色鲜明助力文化育人;(4)书院课程彰显书院特色教育理念,使文化育人落到实处;(5)重视书院组织符号管理和运作;(6)书院办通识的权力格局有助于书院通识教育差异化发展,适应社会需求。书院办通识有助于探索多元通识观念和提升通识学习质量,方便统筹不同要素以实现书院特色文化育人,促进书院差异化发展并推动书院创新。它对国内高校改进书院建设,促进文化育人也有启示意义。Residential college education offers a significant pathway for enhancing general education within contemporary universities.This approach fosters the integration of general and specialized education while enabling a culture-based approach to learning.The University of California San Diego(UC San Diego)exemplifies this model,utilizing its residential college system as the primary framework for designing and implementing a comprehensive and immersive general education curriculum.This system exhibits several key characteristics:(1)prioritizing residential education to strengthen general education foundations;(2)employing a multi-structured curriculum that balances rigorous general education standards with student choice and flexibility;(3)fostering a distinct residential college ethos that cultivates cultural understanding;(4)embedding cultural education within the curriculum through thematic courses and experiences;(5)emphasizing the strategic use of organizational symbols and rituals to reinforce a sense of community and shared purpose;and(6)establishing a governance structure that encourages innovation and responsiveness to evolving societal needs within each residential college.By fostering diverse approaches to general education and promoting a strong college-based culture,UC San Diego's residential college system provides a valuable model for institutions seeking to enhance student learning and development.

关 键 词：加州大学圣地亚哥分校 书院 通识教育 文化育人 通专融合 

分 类 号：G642[文化科学—高等教育学] G649.712[文化科学—教育学]