寻求德意志文化特色的教育学:精神科学《普通教育学》的系统回应  

The Quest for a Pedagogics with German Cultural Characteristics:A Systematic Response of“General Pedagogics”from the Perspective of Geisteswissenschaft

作　　者：彭正梅[1] PENG Zhengmei(Institute of International and Comparative Education,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200062,China)

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学国际与比较教育研究所,上海200062

出　　处：《教育学报》2024年第5期3-15,共13页Journal of Educational Studies

基　　金：国家社科基金“十四五”规划2022年度教育学一般课题“教育学如何回应文化自信:德国当代教育学原理研究”(BAA220168)阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：按照诺尔的理解,1770—1830年是德意志精神的寻求和建立时期,但19世纪下半叶德意志精神开始堕落,从而激发了19世纪末复兴德意志精神的青年运动和改革教育学运动,其结果就是富有德国文化特色的教育学即精神科学教育学(也被称为文化教育学)的产生和发展。诺尔的学生弗利特纳基于其时代的生命体验和理解,建构了一个不同于赫尔巴特启蒙教育学的精神科学教育学经典--《普通教育学》,从而解决了其所关注的如何把习得和传授德意志精神的过程变成主体教化的过程这一核心问题,建构了以生命和文化为核心的教育学原理体系,体现了精神科学教育学的最高水平,并与赫尔巴特的《普通教育学》构成了德国教育学“启蒙”和“文化”的双峰传统,一个体现了德国教育学的明朗,另一个体现了德国教育学的深邃。According to Nohl’s understanding,the years 1770-1830 were a period of seeking and establishing the German spirit(der deutsche Geist),but the German spirit began to degenerate in the second half of the nineteenth century,thus inspiring a youth movement to revive the German spirit and a movement of Reformp dagogik at the end of the nineteenth century,the result of which was the emergence and development of a pedagogics with German cultural characteristics,namely,the human science pedagogics(die geisteswissenschaftliche P dagogik),which is also known as the pedagogics of culture.Based on the life experience and understanding of his time,Nohl’s student,Flitner,constructed a classic pedagogics of human science pedagogics,the General Pedagogics(Die Allgemeine P dagogik),which was different from the enlightenment pedagogics of Herbart,and thus solved the central problem of how to turn the process of acquiring and teaching the German spirituality into the process of subjective education(Bildung),which was the focus of his concern.Flitner constructed a system of pedagogical principles centered on life and culture,which embodies the highest level of human science pedagogics and together with Herbart’s General pedagogics constitutes the twin-peaked tradition of German pedagogics,namely“Enlightenment”and“Culture”,which on the one hand embodies the clarity of German pedagogics and on the other hand reflects the depth of German pedagogics.

关 键 词：精神科学 普通教育学 德国 赫尔巴特 弗利特纳 

分 类 号：G40[文化科学—教育学原理]