运动性疲劳对收腹起跳阶段下肢肌肉协同特征的影响  

Effects of Exercise-Induced Fatigue on Lower Limb Muscle Synergy Characteristics During Take-Off Phase of Jumping

作　　者：董文慧 王瑶 孙媛 马运超[1] DONG Wenhui;WANG Yao;SUN Yuan;MA Yunchao(School of Physical Education and Sports,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学体育与运动学院,北京100875

出　　处：《医用生物力学》2024年第5期962-968,共7页Journal of Medical Biomechanics

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究青年项目(19YJC890030);北京市社会科学基金项目(22YTB009)。

摘　　要：目的量化运动性疲劳(exercise-induced fatigue,EIF)前后运动员进行收腹起跳阶段中的下肢肌肉协同特征,揭示EIF对运动员收腹起跳阶段下肢肌肉协同特征的影响。方法比较10名田径专项班二级男性运动员EIF干预前后收腹起跳阶段的下肢表面肌电数据,分析EIF前后肌肉协同结构,采用配对样本t检验方法比较EIF前后协同参数的差异。结果EIF前后均提取出2个协同元,且存在肌肉协同结构的交替激活。EIF后,协同元2的激活程度显著下降,从53.21±7.90降至43.44±10.23,协同元1无显著变化。EIF后协同元1的股直肌贡献度显著增加,从0.37±0.04增至0.44±0.07,半腱肌贡献度显著降低,从0.13±0.05降至0.08±0.05。结论在收腹起跳中,随EIF增加,下肢各肌肉协同元的激活程度降低,协同元1中吸收地面反作用力的股直肌贡献程度增加,提示股直肌存在拉伤风险,应加强预防股直肌损伤。Objective To quantify the lower limb muscle synergy characteristics of athletes during the abdominal take-off phase before and after exercise-induced fatigue(EIF)and reveal the impact of EIF on the lower limb muscle synergy characteristics of athletes during the abdominal take-off phase.Methods The surface electromyographic data of the lower limbs during the abdominal take-off phase of 10 second-level male athletes in track and field special classes before and after EIF intervention were compared.Muscle synergy structures were analyzed before and after EIF.The paired sample t-test was used to compare the differences in synergy parameters before and after EIF.Results Two synergistic elements were extracted before and after EIF,and alternate activation of the muscle synergy structures was observed.After EIF,the degree of activation of synergy element 2 decreased significantly from 53.21±7.90 to 43.44±10.23.However,there was no significant change in synergy element 1.After EIF,the contribution of the rectus femoris muscle of synergy element 1 significantly increased from 0.37±0.04 to 0.44±0.07,and the contribution of the semitendinosus muscle decreased significantly from 0.13±0.05 to 0.08±0.05.Conclusions During abdominal take-off,as fatigue increases,the activation degree of the synergistic elements of each lower limb muscle decreases,and the contribution of the rectus femoris muscle in the synergy element to absorb the ground reaction force increases.This indicates that the rectus femoris muscle is at risk of sprain,and prevention of rectus femoris muscle injury should be strengthened.

关 键 词：跳跃 肌肉协同 运动控制 运动性疲劳 非负矩阵分解 

分 类 号：R318.01[医药卫生—生物医学工程]