美国K-12英才鉴别选拔体系研究  

A Study of K-12 Talent Identification and Selection Systems in the United States

作　　者：吴杨[1] WU Yang(School of Education,Bejing Institute of Technology,Beijing 100081)

机构地区：[1]北京理工大学教育学院,北京100081

出　　处：《比较教育研究》2024年第10期73-81,共9页International and Comparative Education

基　　金：北京市教育科学“十四五”规划2021年度一般课题“基于U-S合作的中小学生创新能力培养模式研究”(项目编号:CEDB21171)。

摘　　要：美国在定义英才时主要从其特点出发,部分州按照一般智力、特定学术能力、创造性思维、领导能力、视觉与表演艺术或运动才能等对英才类型进行划分。美国K-12阶段英才鉴别选拔体系在对象、过程、内容、工具、方式和标准等方面具有突出特点。首次鉴别对象主要是低年级段学生,鉴别过程大致为多方推荐、广泛筛选、严谨评估、资格确定。鉴别内容包含学生天赋表现及教育个性化需求未被满足情况,在鉴别中运用综合性英才鉴别工具或智力评价类工具、学业成绩测试、创造性思维能力评价、创意或艺术行为检查的组合工具。鉴别方式通常为定量与定性相结合,方式的选择在符合各州教育部各类英才鉴别规定的前提下具有一定自主权;鉴别标准则主要分为智力天赋、学业天赋、创造力天赋和艺术天赋四类,鉴别标准均设计具体的量化要求。The United States primarily defines giftedness based on the characteristics of gifted individuals.Some states categorize giftedness into several types,including general intellectual ability,specific academic aptitude,creativity,leadership ability,and visual and performing arts or athletics.The K-12 gifted identification and selection system in the United States has the following features in terms of subjects,process,content,tools,methods,and criteria.First,The initial identification primarily targets students in lower grades,with the identification process generally involving multi-source nominations,broad screening,rigorous evaluation,and eligibility determination.Secondly,the identification content encompass students'gifted performances and unmet individualized educational needs.The process employs comprehensive gifted identification tools or a combination of intelligence assessment,academic achievement tests,creative thinking ability evaluations,and creativity or artistic behavior assessments.Third,the identification methods typically combine quantitative and qualitative approaches.The selection of methods allows some autonomy while adhering to state education department regulations for various types of gifted identification.The identification criteria are mainly divided into four categories:intellectual giftedness,academic giftedness,creative giftedness,and artistic giftedness,with specific quantitative requirements designed for each standard.

关 键 词：美国 K-12教育 英才教育 鉴别选拔 

分 类 号：G763.712[文化科学—特殊教育学]