测度副词“无乃”“得无”,“将无”  

On Three Adverbs of Speculation in Ancient Chinese

作　　者：李明[1] LI Ming

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院语言研究所,北京100732

出　　处：《古汉语研究》2024年第4期2-20,126,共20页Research in Ancient Chinese Language

基　　金：中国社会科学院学科建设“登峰战略”(DF2023YS09)。

摘　　要：本文主要考察上古、中古汉语中的三个测度副词“无乃”“得无”“将无”。它们中的否定性要素“无”,与“没有”义(对领有/存在/已然的否定)没有关联,而是都源于禁止否定;“无”的性质,可以概括为表示悬拟。至于“将无”,它在成词之前,应该是套叠式连用,而不是并列式连用。This paper investigates three adverbs expressing speaker's speculation in Ancient Chinese:wunai(无乃),dewu(得无)and jiangwu(将无).It is argued that the negative element wu(无)in them is not derived from the negative existential meaning,but rather from prohibition.The nature of wu in them could be characterized as an indication of non-realis mood.In particular,it is shown that the combination jiangwu is not a coordinate structure before lexicalization;rather,jiang(将)has a wider scope than wu in the clause.

关 键 词：“无乃” “得无” “将无” 测度 反问 

分 类 号：H131[语言文字—汉语]