被动式压力控制技术的高速列车车内压力计算方法研究  

Research on Calculation Methods for Internal Pressure in High⁃speed Trains Using Passive Pressure Control Technology

作　　者：梅元贵[1,2] 范崇勋 MEI Yuangui;FAN Chongxun(School of Mechanical Engineering,Lanzhou Jiaotong University,Lanzhou 730070,China;Gansu Province Engineering Laboratory of Rail Transit Mechanics Application,Lanzhou Jiaotong University,Lanzhou 730070,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州交通大学机电工程学院,甘肃兰州730070 [2]兰州交通大学甘肃省轨道交通力学应用工程实验室,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《铁道学报》2024年第9期28-37,共10页Journal of the China Railway Society

基　　金：中国国家铁路集团有限公司科技研究开发计划(N2022J055)。

摘　　要：现有采用被动式技术的高速列车车内压力计算方法,未考虑压力保护阀实际工作状态及鸭嘴孔的影响,不利于准确预测通过隧道时的车内压力。基于被动式压力保护阀开闭控制技术路线和空调鸭嘴孔开闭对车体气密性的影响特征,建立列车通过隧道时的车内压力计算方法。在采用一维可压缩非定常不等熵流动模型黎曼变量特征线法获得车外压力后,分析单列车通过短、中长、长、特长隧道情况下压力保护阀开闭特征,并对比分析单列车通过隧道情景下现有计算方法与本文方法预测车内压力变化的差异;结合压力舒适性标准限值分析车内压力舒适性指标值。研究表明:本文计算方法合理可行,不仅能更精确预测被动式技术的高速列车车内压力变化规律,而且为压力保护阀开闭控制技术制定提供切实可行的空气动力学优化依据。Existing calculation methods for calculating the internal pressure in high-speed trains using passive technology do not consider the actual working state of pressure protection valves and the influence of duckbill foramens,which hin-ders accurate prediction of the internal pressure during tunnel passage.This approach is detrimental to accurately predic-ting the interior pressure of the train during its tunnel traversal as well as the formulation of technical conditions for con-trolling the opening and closing of pressure protection valves.Based on the impact characteristics of passive pressure pro-tection valve control and the opening and closing of air conditioning duckbill foramen on the airtightness of the train body,this paper established a calculation method for internal pressure of trains passing through tunnels.By using a one-dimensional compressible unsteady non-isentropic flow model and obtaining the external pressure through the Riemann variable characteristic line method,this paper analyzed the opening and closing characteristics of pressure protection valves in the case of a single train passing through short,medium-long,long,and extra-long tunnels,and compared and analyzed the differences between existing methods for calculating internal train pressure and the method proposed in this paper for predicting internal pressure changes in the case of a single train passing through a tunnel.Finally,the pressure comfort index values inside the vehicle were analyzed based on the standard limits of pressure comfort.Research shows that the calculation method in this paper,which is reasonable and feasible,not only accurately reflects the change pat-terns of internal pressure in high-speed trains using passive techniques but also provides a solid aerodynamic basis for the development of pressure protection valve opening and closing control technology.

关 键 词：高速列车 隧道压力波 车内压力 被动式压力控制技术 压力保护阀 鸭嘴孔 

分 类 号：U270.2[机械工程—车辆工程]