规划遗产视角下“新北京”城市空间结构的形成与价值(1949—1965)  

The formation and value of the“New Beijing”urban spatial structure from the perspective of planning heritage(1949-1965)

作　　者：许皓 李百浩[2] XU Hao;LI Baihao

机构地区：[1]扬州大学建筑科学与工程学院 [2]东南大学建筑学院

出　　处：《西部人居环境学刊》2024年第5期12-19,共8页Journal of Human Settlements in West China

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究项目(22YJCZH206)。

摘　　要：中华人民共和国定都北京后,如何实现“封建帝都”“消费城市”向“社会主义首都”的转换是新生政权需要面对的重要问题。为此,北京经历了一场规模宏大而内涵深刻的城市改建,形成了新的城市空间结构。规划遗产是遗产保护领域涌现的新议题,其核心是对建成空间蕴含的规划价值的认同。作为社会主义现代性作用于城市空间的结果,天安门广场、南北中轴线、东西长安街、街坊式住区、城市公园等空间结构要素蕴含着独特的规划智慧,是一种典型的规划遗产。文章基于规划遗产的视角,追溯“新北京”城市空间结构的形成过程,还原空间建构历史中的真实性和整体性,在此基础上发掘规划遗产价值。研究有助于从结构关联的维度,加深对现代北京城市遗产内涵的理解和认识,同时构建了一套分析规划遗产要素形成过程及价值认知的方法,以显示规划作为一种遗产的意义。Political system changes often bring new urban theories and planning ideas,forming new ways of spatial organization.After the establishment of Beijing as the capital of the People’s Republic of China,how to achieve the transformation from“feudal imperial capital”and“consumer city”to a“socialist capital”is an important issue that the new regime needs to face.As a result,Beijing underwent a large-scale and profound urban reconstruction movement,forming a new urban spatial structure on the basis of Ming Qing Beijing and early-modern Beiping.Recent years,research on spatial cultural heritage from a holistic and interconnected perspective has gradually received attention.Faced with the large-scale urban heritage environment,heritage conservation experts have begun to attach importance to the planning and design value of heritage.However,the visibility of planning in the existing heritage system is still insufficient,and the value of planning has not been systematically discussed.Western planning theorists expand the connotation of built heritage to planning heritage by analyzing its planning characteristics and unique position in planning history.On the basis of existing value recognition,they explore and emphasize the distinctive planning value.In China,the concept of planning heritage first appeared at the Urban Planning History and Theory Annual Conference held in Lanzhou in September 2019.The conference is open for submissions under the theme of“Historical Thinking and Planning Heritage”.The attending experts believe that introducing the concept of planning heritage can help expand the path and perspective of research on built heritage.The first question to be answered in conducting research on planning heritage:what conditions must be met in order to be recognized as planning heritage?Based on current research,this article believes that planning heritage should possess the following three characteristics simultaneously:reflecting planning wisdom,being put into planning practice,and forming built

关 键 词：规划遗产 城市规划史 都城规划 城市空间结构 社会主义城市 苏联专家 

分 类 号：TU984.21[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]