县域教育资源配置对人力资本的影响——基于第七次人口普查数据的研究  

The Influence of County Education Resource Allocation on Human Capital:Evidence from the Data of the Seventh Population Census of China

作　　者：张文武 朱娅 陆梓璇 Wenwu Zhang;Ya Zhu;Zixuan Lu(College of Economics and Management,Nanjing Forestry University,Nanjing 210037)

机构地区：[1]南京林业大学经济管理学院,南京210037

出　　处：《教育与经济》2024年第5期29-38,共10页Education & Economy

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目“产业耦合、民生改善与推进以县城为重要载体的城镇化建设研究”(21BJY136)。

摘　　要：县域教育资源配置是基层人力资本提升和乡村振兴人才队伍建设的重要支撑。本文整理了我国16省1066个县第七次人口普查数据,通过迭代主因子法构建县域教育资源配置指标并分析其对当地人力资本的影响。结果显示:县域教育资源配置可以显著改善当地人力资本状况,县域教育资源每增加1%,人均受教育年限提升0.18%~0.26%,接受过高中教育的人数占比明显提高,但每千人中接受过大学及以上教育的人数略有下降;中西部地区县域的教育资源配置对人均受教育年限以及高中学历人数占比的提升作用大于东部地区,县级市的教育资源配置有利于大学学历人数占比上升,普通行政县的教育资源对高中学历人数占比提升作用更大;县域教育资源配置加快了当地城镇化进程,并增强了吸引劳动力流入的能力,有利于持续优化人力资本结构。本文从县域视角提供了改善基层教育资源配置、优化人力资本结构、助力乡村振兴和新型城镇化的研究证据。The allocation of educational resources at the county level is an important support for the promotion of human capital at the grassroots level and the construction of a talent team for rural revitalization.This study collates the data of the seventh population census of 1066 counties in 16 provinces of China,and analyzes the impact of education resource allocation indicators constructed by iterative principal factor method on local human capital.The results show that the allocation of educational resources at the county level can significantly improve the local human capital situation.The specific finding is that every 1%increase in educational resources at the county level will increase the per capita length of education by 0.18%to 0.26%,and the proportion of people who have received high school education will increase significantly,but the number of people who have received college education and above per thousand people will decrease slightly.The allocation of educational resources in counties in the central and western regions has a greater impact on the number of years of education per capita and the proportion of people with high school qualifications than in the eastern regions.Compared with county-level cities with higher development level,county educational resources play a greater role in increasing the proportion of high school graduates.The allocation of county education resources has accelerated the process of local urbanization and enhanced the ability to attract labor inflows,which is conducive to forming a sustainable power to optimize the human capital structure.From the perspective of the county,this paper provides research evidence to improve the allocation of educational resources at the grass-roots level,optimize the structure of human capital,and help rural revitalization and new urbanization.

关 键 词：教育资源配置 县域 人力资本 第七次人口普查 

分 类 号：F08[经济管理—政治经济学] G40-054[文化科学—教育学原理]