科技伦理治理中伦理先行的理论基础与实践框架  

The Theoretical Basis and Practical Framework of Ethics First in the Ethical Governance of Science and Technology

作　　者：王少 WANG Shao(School of Marxism,Tongji University,Shanghai 200092,China;Center for the Study of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics,Tongji University,Shanghai 200092,China)

机构地区：[1]同济大学马克思主义学院,上海200092 [2]同济大学中国特色社会主义理论研究中心,上海200092

出　　处：《大连理工大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第5期9-15,共7页Journal of Dalian University of Technology(Social Sciences)

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学项目“学术不端精准治理机制研究”(20YJCZH162);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目“科技伦理评估框架构建与实施”(22120230360)。

摘　　要：科技伦理治理的“伦理先行”要求将伦理关口前移到科学研究活动中,突破了科技和伦理二元对立的旧观念。伦理为何先行、伦理何以先行和伦理如何先行是伦理先行的自我规定,对应前两个规定的科学和科学知识的非中立性、科技的双刃剑效应由此成为伦理先行的理论基础。对于生命科学这一科技伦理治理的重点领域,当前最大的伦理挑战是“两用性研究”所致风险。在论证伦理先行理论基础的前提下,文章尝试以研究者等为主体,以“两用性研究”为客体,从承认、预警、保护和平衡的行动准则出发构建具有一定普遍意义的伦理先行实践框架以阐释伦理如何先行。The principle of“ethics first”in the governance of technology ethics requires moving the ethical checkpoint into scientific research activities,breaking away from the old dichotomy between technology and ethics.Why ethics should lead,how ethics should lead,and how ethics actually leads are self-determined aspects of ethical prioritization.These correspond to the non-neutrality of science and scientific knowledge,and the double-edged sword effect of technology,thereby forming the theoretical basis for ethical prioritization.In the field of life sciences,a focal area of technology ethics governance,the greatest ethical challenge currently lies in the risks posed by“dual-use research.”Building on the theoretical foundation of ethical prioritization,the article attempts to construct a universally applicable ethical prioritization framework.Focusing on researchers as agents and“dual-use research”as the object,based on principles of acknowledgment,warning,protection,and balance,this framework aims to elucidate how ethics can lead by establishing ethical prioritization practices that are meaningful and applicable across contexts.

关 键 词：科技伦理治理 伦理先行 默会知识 “两用性研究” 实践框架 

分 类 号：B82-057[哲学宗教—伦理学]