文本断代与文献环境:《史记》对《天子游猎赋》成篇过程的重构  

Text Dating and Literature Environment:The Reconstruction of the Writing Process of the Ode to the Emperor’s Hunting in Records of the Grand Historian

作　　者：周金泰 ZHOU Jintai(Hunan University Yuelu Academy,The Collaborative Innovation Platform for the Inheritance and Development of Ancient Chinese Char-acters and Chinese Civilization,Changsha,Hunan 410082)

机构地区：[1]湖南大学岳麓书院、“古文字与中华文明传承发展工程”协同攻关创新平台,湖南长沙410082

出　　处：《中国文学研究》2024年第4期38-48,共11页Research of Chinese Literature

基　　金：贵州省哲学社会科学规划国学单列课题“出土文献所见早期月令类典籍生成与流布研究”(20GZGX24)。

摘　　要：《天子游猎赋》成篇年代历来聚讼纷纭,对已有研究进行考辨,发现将《史记·司马相如列传》所载“奏赋为郎”时间等同于赋成时间的研究思路存在问题。《天子游猎赋》实际写作时间应在司马相如为郎之后,且后期经历了较长时间的动态修改过程“。奏赋为郎”是司马迁出于叙史连贯而作出的史料剪裁与重构。司马迁如此处理,一方面与著史目的及编史体例有关,另一方面也与编史时所面临的文献环境有关。由于《天子游猎赋》动态成篇,定稿时间未被强化,故年代信息本就失载。司马迁参考口碑史料,安排与作赋渊源最深的“征召为郎”作为赋作出场契机,并简化赋作成篇过程,进而前置与“为郎”合并,最终虚构了“奏赋为郎”情节。这一调整既保证了行文连贯,又表现出接近历史实情的一面,且不悖全篇主旨,从而实现了司马迁心中特定的“真实”。The era of the completion of the Ode to the Emperor’s Hunting has always been a topic of debate.After examining existing research,it has been found that there are problems with the research approach of equating the time when the poem was writ-ten as“Lang”in Records of the Grand Historian:Biography of Sima Xiangru with the time when it was written.The actual writing of the Ode to the Emperor’s Hunting should have been after Sima Xiangru became a lang guan,and it went through a long process of dynamic revision in the later period.“Zou Fu Wei Lang”is a historical material cutting and reconstruction made by Sima Qian for the purpose of coherent narration of history.Sima Qian’s handling of this is not only related to the purpose of writing history and the style of compiling history,but also to the literary environment faced during the process of compiling history.Due to the dy-namic completion of the Ode to the Emperor’s Hunting and the lack of strengthened finalization time,the chronological information was already lost.Sima Qian referred to oral historical materials and arranged the“conscription for the Lang”,which had the deepest connection with the composition of Fu,as an opportunity for the appearance of Fu.He also simplified the process of composing Fu,and then merged it with“for the Lang”in advance,ultimately fabricating the plot of“playing Fu for the Lang”.This adjustment not only ensured the coherence of the writing,but also showed a side that was close to the historical truth,without contradicting the overall theme,thus achieving the specific“truth”in Sima Qian’s heart.

关 键 词：《史记·司马相如列传》 《天子游猎赋》 动态成篇 史书编纂 文献环境 

分 类 号：I01[文学—文学理论]