斯宾格勒的民族观探析  

Cultural People:An Analysis of the Concept of Ethnic Group Proposed by Spengler

作　　者：郭孟秀[1] Mengxiu Guo

机构地区：[1]黑龙江大学满学研究院,哈尔滨150080

出　　处：《世界民族》2024年第5期19-30,共12页Journal of World Peoples Studies

基　　金：2019年度国家社科基金冷门“绝学”和国别史研究专项“肃慎族系史研究”(19VJX019)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：德国著名历史学家和哲学家斯宾格勒在其代表作《西方的没落》中系统阐述其文化形态史观的理论,在国内外学术界产生了巨大反响,但对斯宾格勒关于作为文明与文化研究的重要单位——民族概念及内涵的解读却鲜有专论。本文对斯宾格勒关于民族概念、分类等相关问题的独到见解予以梳理解读。他在质疑传统民族概念与属性的基础上提出民族是精神(心灵)的单位,将民族划分为原始民族、文化民族与文化后民族(费拉民族)三种类型,而文化民族则是其文化形态史观思想体系中极其重要的有机组成部分,是唯一的历史性民族。在文化与民族的关系上他极富创意地提出是伟大文化创造了民族而不是民族创造了文化。斯宾格勒并不是一个专门的民族学家,但他以文化为中心从历史作用与文化形态视角对民族内涵特别是文化民族独到而深刻的“透视”式解析,对于我们拓展民族问题研究的方向与思路还是具有较高的学术参考价值。Spengler,a well-known German historian and philosopher,systematically elaborated on his theory of cultural morphology of history in his masterpiece The Decline of the West,which has generated great repercussions in the academic circles at home and abroad,but there are few monographs on Spengler's interpretation of the concept and connotation of ethnic group as an important unit in the study of civilization and culture.In this paper,Spengler's unique insight on the concept and classification of ethnic groups,and other related issues,are sorted out and interpreted.On the basis of questioning the traditional concept and attributes of ethnic groups,he proposed that the nation(people)is a unit of spirit(soul),which should be divided into three types:primitive people,cultural people,and post-cultural people(Fellah-peoples).The cultural people is an extremely important organic part in his system of thought on the historical view of cultural morphology,and is the only historical people.In the relationship between culture and people,he was extremely creative in proposing that it is the great culture that creates the people rather than the people that creates the culture.Although Spengler is not a specialized ethnologist,his unique and profound"perspective"analysis of ethnic connotation,especially cultural people,from the perspective of historical role and cultural form with culture as the center,has a high academic reference value for us to expand the direction and thinking in the study of ethnic issues.

关 键 词：斯宾格勒 文化形态史观 文化民族 

分 类 号：G05[文化科学] C95[社会学—民族学]