旧日本海军气象教学及其保障业务研究  

Research on Meteorological Teaching and Its Application in the Imperial Japanese Navy

作　　者：杨凯 张瑞 YANG Kai;ZHANG Rui(Institute of History of Science and Technology,Jiangsu University of Science and Technology,Zhenjiang 212100,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏科技大学科学技术史研究所,镇江212100

出　　处：《中国科技史杂志》2024年第3期542-550,共9页The Chinese Journal for the History of Science and Technology

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究一般项目“日本天象史料整理与太阳活动记录研究”(项目编号:24YJA770013);国家社科基金重大项目“海外藏近代中国北部边疆科学考察文献整理与研究”(项目编号:23&ZD262)。

摘　　要：气象学因其军用价值,得到日本军方的高度重视与大力扶植。旧日本海军为实现其军事目标,在气象教学、观测、应用等各层面投入大量资源。海军气象教学奉行实用原则,教材版本更新迅捷﹑教学内容紧跟前沿,急功近利的心态暴露无遗。侵华战争爆发后,军方控制了民事气象部门,日本海洋气象事业也取得一定进步。但军国主义日本的气象科学发展路径与现代规律完全背道而驰,所取得的多数成果在基础理论层面也并未能实现升华。与此同时,以“挪威学派”为代表的欧美大气科学研究则取得重大突破。两相比较,应该如何推动基础学科的发展,值得后发国家省思。TThe practicality of meteorology has made it highly valued by the Japanese military as a military technology.In order to achieve its military objectives,the Imperial Japanese Navy invested a large amount of resources in meteorological teaching,observation,application,and other aspects.Its meteorological teaching followed the principle of pragmatism,with rapid version updates and cutting-edge content,but it also exposed the Navy's eagerness for quick success and instant benefit in science.After the outbreak of the War of Aggression against China,it became increasingly urgent to seize control from civil meteorological departments.The Navy made certain contributions to the development of Japan's marine meteorology discipline.However,it remained rooted in militaristic thinking and completely ran counter to the development of modern science.Most of the achievements achieved were not well-synthesized at the basic theoretical level.At the same time,the research of atmospheric science in Europe and the United States achieved decisive paradigm breakthroughs.Latercomer countries can learn from the contrasting development of meteorology in Japan and the West,particularly regarding the importance of basic research.

关 键 词：航海气象学 气象教学 气象观测 基础学科 

分 类 号：N09[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]