张载“知”论存在两重性吗?——从“知”的生成谈起  

A Study on the Discourse System of Zhang Zai's Theory of"Zhi"

作　　者：吴瑶 WU Yao

机构地区：[1]四川大学哲学系,成都610040

出　　处：《孔子研究》2024年第5期80-88,159,共10页Confucius Studies

基　　金：四川大学专职博士后研发基金项目“张载论‘知’话语体系研究”(项目编号:20827041E4129);四川大学中央高校基本科研业务费学院自主立项项目“北宋理学的‘德’与‘智’”(项目编号:20827041H4008)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：在以往的诠释中,张载的“知”论话语体系存在着德性之知和见闻之知异质而不能相通的问题。审视张载之“知”的生成,德性之知并非无关乎见闻,其只是不以根于见闻的方式发于其心,而是以性为根源发于其心,其实质是对见闻之知和见闻的混淆,这表明张载思想中并非存在两种“知”的生成方式,由此产生孤悬于闻见之上的德性之知和合内外的见闻之知,而是由“心”的不同状态产生由本心和私心分别所发的正大之见与私心妄见,此为德性之知与见闻之知的根源。因此,以知识和道德、感性知识和理性知识来诠释德性之知和见闻之知并非张载的致思理路。Knowledge from seeing and hearing is one of the manifestations of the Xing which is presented by Qi.The knowledge from seeing,and hearing has specific content,and at the same time,the different use of seeing and hearing may lead different kinds of knowledge.Unlike the knowledge from seeing and hearing,the innate conscience and"Zhi"from Xing refer to the inherent ability to know the world of person.Distinguishing the knowledge from seeing and hearing from the narrow knowledge from seeing and hearing can reveal the three levels of Zhang Zai's theory of"Zhi",and solve the problems of explaining the theory of"Zhi".

关 键 词：德性之知 见闻之知 闻见 本心 存象之心 

分 类 号：B244.4[哲学宗教—中国哲学]