从经验到创新发展的疫苗学  

Vaccinology from experience to innovative development

作　　者：马磊[1] 杨昭庆[1] 王佑春 MA Lei;YANG Zhaoqing;WANG Youchun(Institute of Medical Biology,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences,Kunming,Yunnan 650118,China)

机构地区：[1]中国医学科学院医学生物学研究所,云南昆明650118

出　　处：《中国病毒病杂志》2024年第4期326-337,共12页Chinese Journal of Viral Diseases

基　　金：中国医学科学院医学与健康科技创新工程(2022-I2M-3-001)。

摘　　要：新发突发传染病的不断出现,严重危害人类健康。疫苗作为预防传染病的一个核心手段,在保护人类健康过程中发挥了巨大的作用。疫苗科学在经历了数百年的发展历程后,正逐渐从依赖经验和观察走向基于现代分子生物学、基因工程和生物信息学等新技术的创新发展阶段,而且疫苗学的理论也在不断地丰富和完善,为未来创新疫苗研发提供了更高效的手段和更广阔的前景。然而,创新疫苗的发展仍面临着诸多挑战,一方面,面对更多更复杂的新型病原体,特别是病原体的变异以及受试者个体的差异化,有效抗原选择和设计将面临更大挑战;另一方面,即便是已熟知的病原体,如何优化设计免疫原研发创新疫苗以提升其免疫效果依然存在重大挑战。本文梳理了疫苗学从经验到创新发展过程中的关键创新技术及理论,并展望了未来创新疫苗研发所面临的机遇与挑战,为创新疫苗研发提供思路和参考。The continuous emergence of emerging infectious diseases seriously endangers human health.Vac-cines,as a core approach of preventing infectious diseases,have played a critical role in the healthy development of the human society.After development during hundreds of years,vaccinology is gradually moving from relying on experience and observation to an innovative development stage based on new technologies such as modern mo-lecular biology,genetic engineering,and bioinformatics.Each innovation of vaccine technology will drive a rapid development in the vaccine field.At the same time,the development of vaccine science and the enrichment of vaccine products are closely linked to theoretical innovation,constantly changing the concept of traditional vaccines.Modern vaccine technology and theoretical innovation provide more efficient ways and broader prospects for future innovative vaccine research and development.However,the development of innovative vaccines still faces many challenges.On the one hand,in the face of more complex new pathogens,especially pathogen mutations and individual differences in subjects,effective antigen selection and design will face greater challenges.On the other hand,even well-known pathogens,how to optimize design concepts to enhance immune efficacy,and how to quickly develop,evaluate,and produce innovative vaccines stil face significant challenges.This paper introduces the key innovative technologies and theories in the development process of vaccinology from experience to innovation,and looks forward to the opportunities and challenges faced by innovative vaccine research and development,so as to provid ideas and references for innovative vaccine research and development.

关 键 词：疫苗学 创新技术 细胞培养 基因工程 反向疫苗学技术 分子生物学 

分 类 号：R186[医药卫生—流行病学]