“善、至善、伪善”:康德道德哲学的三个环节  

“Good,the Highest Good and Hypocrisy”:The Three Components of Kant’s Moral Philosophy

作　　者：王建军[1] WANG Jianjun(College of Philosophy,Nankai University,Tianjin 300350,China)

机构地区：[1]南开大学哲学院,天津300350

出　　处：《同济大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第5期1-9,共9页Journal of Tongji University:Social Science Edition

摘　　要：康德的道德哲学真的是“空洞的形式主义”吗?哲学界之所以有如此批判,是因为康德的道德哲学从一开始就被狭义地理解为德性论,即关于善及其先验根据的理论体系,而不是被广义地理解为由包括德性论、正义论和根本恶论三个环节构成的道德哲学整体。康德道德哲学的这三个环节是围绕德与福的二律背反关系展开的:德性论的“善”作为纯粹实践理性的对象,可视为康德道德哲学的起点;正义论在“至善”的框架内对人的正义和上帝的正义进行了探讨,它为道德法则在现实中的贯彻落实提供了外部保障;根本恶论一方面通过对“伪善”或“德行假象”的揭示,以及试图对人的善的禀赋的重建,为德性论的纯粹化起到进一步的推动作用,另一方面则通过所谓的“伦理共同体”为道德法则的践行提供了一种辅助手段。Is Kant’s moral philosophy an“inane formalist theory”?Such critique often arises from a narrow understanding of his work as a virtue theory focusing on the theoretical system of goodness and its transcendental basis.However,Kant’s moral philosophy encompasses three integral components,i.e.the theory of virtue,of justice,and of radical evil.These three steps revolve around the antinomy between virtue and happiness.The“good”in the theory of virtue,as the object of pure practical reason,can be regarded as the starting point of Kant’s moral philosophy.The theory of justice discusses human’s and God’s justice in the framework of“the highest good”,providing an external insurance for the moral laws to be implemented in reality.The theory of radical evil on the one hand,plays an extraordinary role in promoting the purification of virtue theory,by exposing the“hypocrisy”or“virtuous illusion”of human beings and by trying to reconstruct the predisposition of good of human beings.On the other hand,it provides an auxiliary means to the practice of the moral law through the so-called“ethical community”.

关 键 词：康德 善 至善 伪善 

分 类 号：B516.31[哲学宗教—外国哲学]