不同采摘时间谷雨茶的品质成分研究  

Study on quality components of Guyu tea at different picking time

作　　者：任志红 肖文敏 吴焕焕 张虹 王瀚悦 杨圣祥 孙海伟 REN Zhi-Hong;XIAO Wen-Min;WU Huan-Huan;ZHANG Hong;WANG Han-Yue;YANG Sheng-Xiang;SUN Hai-Wei(Tai’an Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Tai’an 271000,China;Shandong Agricultural Technology Extension Center,Jinan 250000,China)

机构地区：[1]泰安市农业科学院,泰安271000 [2]山东省农业技术推广中心,济南250000

出　　处：《食品安全质量检测学报》2024年第18期32-38,共7页Journal of Food Safety and Quality

基　　金：山东省重点研发计划(农业良种工程)项目(2020LZGC010);山东省茶叶产业技术体系项目(SDAIT-19-09);泰安市科技创新重大专项(2023NYLZ13);泰安市科技特派员科技项目(2023TPY001)。

摘　　要：目的对不同采摘时间谷雨茶的品质成分进行研究。方法本研究以泰山茶区海拔高度不同的3个茶园内5个时间采摘的一芽二叶茶树新梢制成的绿茶样品为试材,采用品质生化成分检测和相关性分析方法,研究了北方茶区谷雨绿茶品质成分在不同采摘时间的差异和变化趋势。结果采摘时间与茶多酚和咖啡碱含量呈负相关(P<0.05)。水浸出物含量与海拔高度呈极显著正相关(P<0.05),与酚氨比呈强极显著负相关(P<0.01)。低海拔试点茶样的茶多酚含量在4月20日含量最高,为(19.91±0.18)%,之后随采摘时间的推迟先升高后降低并趋于稳定;高海拔试点茶样水浸出物含量、游离氨基酸含量和咖啡碱含量整体在各采摘时间高于其余两试点,其含量分别为(40.07±0.50)%~(44.33±0.34)%、(2.88±0.05)%~(4.41±0.32)%、(3.02±0.02)%~(4.15±0.10)%;中海拔试点茶样各品质成分含量总体位于中间水平。高海拔试点茶样水浸出物含量、游离氨基酸含量和咖啡碱含量较高,酚氨比较低。3试点茶样水浸出物含量较高,为(38.86±0.17)%~(45.37±0.35)%,均高于名优茶标准;酚氨比值在(4.55±0.24)~(7.27±0.26),均小于8。结论北方茶区不同时间采摘的谷雨茶品质成分差异显著,总体水浸出物含量高,酚氨比值较低,品质优良,高海拔茶园茶叶品质更优。Objective To study the quality components of Guyu tea at different picking time.Methods In this study,green tea samples made from the new shoots of one-bud and two-leaf tea trees picked at 5 times in 3 tea gardens with different altitudes in Taishan tea area were selected as samples.The quality biochemical components were detected and correlation analysis was used to study the difference and change trend of quality components of Guyu green tea in the northern tea area at different picking times.Results There was a significant negative correlation between the time of picking and the contents of tea polyphenols and caffeine.The content of water extract was significantly positively correlated with altitude and strongly negatively correlated with the phenol-ammonia ratio.The tea polyphenol content of the tea samples from the low-altitude pilot site peaked on April 20th,reaching(19.91±0.18)%.Subsequently,as the picking time was delayed,the content first increased and then decreased,eventually stabilizing.The extract content,free amino acid content and caffeine content of tea samples at high altitude were higher than those of the other two experiments at each picking time.Its content was(40.07±0.50)%-(44.33±0.34)%,(2.88±0.05)%-(4.41±0.32)%,(3.02±0.02)%-(4.15±0.10)%,respectively.The content of all quality components in the medium altitude pilot tea samples was generally in the middle level.The content of water extract,free amino acid and caffeine in high altitude test tea samples was higher,and the content of phenolamine was lower.The 3 test tea water extract content of experimental tea samples was higher,ranging from(38.86±0.17)%-(45.37±0.35)%,which was higher than the standard of famous tea.The ratio of phenolamine was(4.55±0.24)-(7.27±0.26),all less than 8.Conclusion The quality components of Guyu tea picked at different time in northern tea areas are significantly different.The total water extract content is high,the phenol-ammonia ratio is low,and the quality of tea in high-altitude tea gardens is better

关 键 词：北方茶区 谷雨茶 采摘时间 海拔 品质化学成分 相关性 

分 类 号：TS272.5[农业科学—茶叶生产加工]